本快速入門導覽課程說明如何設定 Cloud Firestore、新增資料,然後使用核心作業或管道作業,查詢您剛在 Firebase 控制台中新增的資料。
建立 Cloud Firestore 資料庫
- 如果尚未建立 Firebase 專案,請在 Firebase 控制台中按一下「新增專案」,然後按照畫面上的指示建立 Firebase 專案,或將 Firebase 服務新增至現有的 Google Cloud 專案。
按一下 [Create database] (建立資料庫)。
選取「Enterprise」做為資料庫模式。
選取「原生模式的 Firestore」做為作業模式,支援核心和管道作業。
選取資料庫的位置。
選取 Cloud Firestore Security Rules 的起始模式:
- 測試模式
如要開始使用網頁、Apple 平台或 Android SDK,請選取測試模式。
- 正式版模式
拒絕行動和網路用戶端的所有讀寫要求。 通過驗證的應用程式伺服器 (Python) 仍可存取資料庫。
初始設定的 Cloud Firestore Security Rules 會套用至預設Cloud Firestore資料庫。如果為專案建立多個資料庫,可以為每個資料庫部署 Cloud Firestore Security Rules。
點選「建立」。
啟用 Cloud Firestore 時,系統也會在 Cloud API 管理工具中啟用 API。
設定開發環境
將必要的依附元件和用戶端程式庫新增至應用程式。
Web
- 按照操作說明將 Firebase 新增至您的網頁應用程式。
-
不公開預先發布版的 Cloud Firestore SDK 以 npm 套件的形式提供。
使用下列指令,在 npm 專案中安裝 Firestore SDK。
npm install --save firebase@eap-firestore-pipelines
iOS+
- 按照操作說明將 Firebase 新增至 iOS 應用程式。
- 從 GitHub 複製 Firebase SDK,並查看管道分支。請記下複製位置,因為下一個步驟會用到:
git clone https://github.com/firebase/firebase-ios-sdk.git # or git clone git@github.com:firebase/firebase-ios-sdk.git cd firebase-ios-sdk # check out pipeline feature branch git fetch origin feat/pipeline/private-preview git checkout feat/pipeline/private-preview
- 然後將目錄 (firebase-ios-sdk) 做為本機依附元件新增至 Xcode 專案:
- 從「File」選單中選擇「Add Package Dependencies」。
- 按一下「Add Local…」按鈕,然後找出 firebase-ios-sdk 目錄,其中包含您已簽出的功能分支。
Android
- 按照操作說明將 Firebase 新增至 Android 應用程式。
- 從 GitHub 複製 Firebase SDK,查看管道分支,然後發布至本機 Maven:
# Prerequisites before you start: # Install Java 17 # Setup Android Development environments (having proper ANDROID_HOME, etc) git clone https://github.com/firebase/firebase-android-sdk.git # or git clone git@github.com:firebase/firebase-android-sdk.git cd firebase-android-sdk # check out pipeline feature branch git fetch origin feat/pipeline/private-preview git checkout feat/pipeline/private-preview # publish firebase SDK (without crashlytics) to maven local ./gradlew publishToMavenLocal -x :firebase-crashlytics:publishToMavenLocal -x :firebase-crashlytics-ndk:publishToMavenLocal # Optionally, if you want crashlytics built and published to mavel local # Make sure you have Android NDK 21 installed git submodule update --init --recursive ./gradlew publishToMavenLocal
- 在專案層級的 settings.gradle.kts 中加入
mavenLocal:dependencyResolutionManagement { repositories { mavenLocal() // Add this line .. } }
- 接著,新增 SDK 的本機版本:
... // Firestore 99.0.0-pipeline.preview.1 has pipelines implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-firestore:99.0.0-pipeline.preview.1") // Firebase Authentication implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-auth") ...
Python
- 複製 Firestore Python SDK,然後查看管道預覽分支版本:
git clone https://github.com/googleapis/python-firestore.git # or git clone git@github.com:googleapis/python-firestore.git cd python-firestore # check out pipeline preview branch git fetch origin pipeline-preview git checkout pipeline-preview
- 安裝本機 python-firestore 伺服器 SDK:
python -m pip install -e .
- 照常安裝 Firebase Python Admin SDK:
pip install --user firebase-admin
初始化 Cloud Firestore
初始化 Cloud Firestore 的例項:
Web
import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app"; import { getFirestore } from "firebase/firestore"; // TODO: Replace the following with your app's Firebase project configuration // See: https://support.google.com/firebase/answer/7015592 const firebaseConfig = { FIREBASE_CONFIGURATION }; // Initialize Firebase const app = initializeApp(firebaseConfig); // When initializing Firestore, remember to use the name of the database you created earlier: const db = initializeFirestore(app, {}, 'your-new-enterprise-database');
將 FIREBASE_CONFIGURATION 替換成網頁應用程式的firebaseConfig。
如要在裝置失去連線時保留資料,請參閱「啟用離線資料」說明文件。
Swift
import FirebaseCore import FirebaseFirestore FirebaseApp.configure() // When initializing Firestore, remember to use the name of the database you created earlier: let db = Firestore.firestore(database: "your-new-enterprise-database")
Kotlin
// Access a Cloud Firestore instance from your Activity // When initializing Firestore, remember to use the name of the database you created earlier: val firestore = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance("your-new-enterprise-database")
Java
// Access a Cloud Firestore instance from your Activity // When initializing Firestore, remember to use the name of the database you created earlier: FirebaseFirestore firestore = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance("your-new-enterprise-database");
Python
使用 Admin SDK 向企業資料庫進行驗證:
import firebase_admin from firebase_admin import firestore def main(): default_app = firebase_admin.initialize_app() client = firestore.client(default_app, "your-new-enterprise-database") query = client.pipeline().database().limit(5) for result in query.execute(): print(result.data()) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
使用 Core 作業新增資料
如要探索用於查詢資料的 Core 作業和管道作業,請使用 Core 作業將資料新增至資料庫。
Cloud Firestore 會將資料儲存在文件中,並將文件儲存在集合中。第一次將資料新增至文件時,Cloud Firestore 會隱含建立集合和文件。您不需要明確建立集合或文件。
使用下列範例程式碼建立新集合和文件。
Web
import { collection, addDoc } from "firebase/firestore"; try { const docRef = await addDoc(collection(db, "users"), { first: "Ada", last: "Lovelace", born: 1815 }); console.log("Document written with ID: ", docRef.id); } catch (e) { console.error("Error adding document: ", e); }
Web
db.collection("users").add({ first: "Ada", last: "Lovelace", born: 1815 }) .then((docRef) => { console.log("Document written with ID: ", docRef.id); }) .catch((error) => { console.error("Error adding document: ", error); });
Swift
// Add a new document with a generated ID do { let ref = try await db.collection("users").addDocument(data: [ "first": "Ada", "last": "Lovelace", "born": 1815 ]) print("Document added with ID: \(ref.documentID)") } catch { print("Error adding document: \(error)") }
Kotlin
// Create a new user with a first and last name val user = hashMapOf( "first" to "Ada", "last" to "Lovelace", "born" to 1815, ) // Add a new document with a generated ID db.collection("users") .add(user) .addOnSuccessListener { documentReference -> Log.d(TAG, "DocumentSnapshot added with ID: ${documentReference.id}") } .addOnFailureListener { e -> Log.w(TAG, "Error adding document", e) }
Java
// Create a new user with a first and last name Map<String, Object> user = new HashMap<>(); user.put("first", "Ada"); user.put("last", "Lovelace"); user.put("born", 1815); // Add a new document with a generated ID db.collection("users") .add(user) .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<DocumentReference>() { @Override public void onSuccess(DocumentReference documentReference) { Log.d(TAG, "DocumentSnapshot added with ID: " + documentReference.getId()); } }) .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) { Log.w(TAG, "Error adding document", e); } });
Python
現在將另一份文件新增至 users 集合。請注意,這份文件包含第一個文件中沒有的鍵/值組合 (中間名)。集合中的文件可以包含不同的資訊集。
Web
// Add a second document with a generated ID. import { addDoc, collection } from "firebase/firestore"; try { const docRef = await addDoc(collection(db, "users"), { first: "Alan", middle: "Mathison", last: "Turing", born: 1912 }); console.log("Document written with ID: ", docRef.id); } catch (e) { console.error("Error adding document: ", e); }
Web
// Add a second document with a generated ID. db.collection("users").add({ first: "Alan", middle: "Mathison", last: "Turing", born: 1912 }) .then((docRef) => { console.log("Document written with ID: ", docRef.id); }) .catch((error) => { console.error("Error adding document: ", error); });
Swift
// Add a second document with a generated ID. do { let ref = try await db.collection("users").addDocument(data: [ "first": "Alan", "middle": "Mathison", "last": "Turing", "born": 1912 ]) print("Document added with ID: \(ref.documentID)") } catch { print("Error adding document: \(error)") }
Kotlin
// Create a new user with a first, middle, and last name val user = hashMapOf( "first" to "Alan", "middle" to "Mathison", "last" to "Turing", "born" to 1912, ) // Add a new document with a generated ID db.collection("users") .add(user) .addOnSuccessListener { documentReference -> Log.d(TAG, "DocumentSnapshot added with ID: ${documentReference.id}") } .addOnFailureListener { e -> Log.w(TAG, "Error adding document", e) }
Java
// Create a new user with a first, middle, and last name Map<String, Object> user = new HashMap<>(); user.put("first", "Alan"); user.put("middle", "Mathison"); user.put("last", "Turing"); user.put("born", 1912); // Add a new document with a generated ID db.collection("users") .add(user) .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<DocumentReference>() { @Override public void onSuccess(DocumentReference documentReference) { Log.d(TAG, "DocumentSnapshot added with ID: " + documentReference.getId()); } }) .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) { Log.w(TAG, "Error adding document", e); } });
Python
使用核心作業讀取資料
使用 Firebase 控制台中的資料檢視器,快速確認您已將資料新增至 Cloud Firestore。
您也可以使用「get」方法擷取整個集合。
Web
import { collection, getDocs } from "firebase/firestore"; const querySnapshot = await getDocs(collection(db, "users")); querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { console.log(`${doc.id} => ${doc.data()}`); });
Web
db.collection("users").get().then((querySnapshot) => { querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { console.log(`${doc.id} => ${doc.data()}`); }); });
Swift
do { let snapshot = try await db.collection("users").getDocuments() for document in snapshot.documents { print("\(document.documentID) => \(document.data())") } } catch { print("Error getting documents: \(error)") }
Kotlin
db.collection("users") .get() .addOnSuccessListener { result -> for (document in result) { Log.d(TAG, "${document.id} => ${document.data}") } } .addOnFailureListener { exception -> Log.w(TAG, "Error getting documents.", exception) }
Java
db.collection("users") .get() .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) { Log.d(TAG, document.getId() + " => " + document.getData()); } } else { Log.w(TAG, "Error getting documents.", task.getException()); } } });
Python
users_ref = db.collection("users") docs = users_ref.stream() for doc in docs: print(f"{doc.id} => {doc.to_dict()}")
使用管道作業讀取資料
現在您可以比較 Pipeline 查詢體驗與 Core 查詢體驗。
Web
const readDataPipeline = db.pipeline() .collection("users"); // Execute the pipeline and handle the result try { const querySnapshot = await execute(readDataPipeline); querySnapshot.results.forEach((result) => { console.log(`${result.id} => ${result.data()}`); }); } catch (error) { console.error("Error getting documents: ", error); }
Swift
do { // Initialize a Firestore Pipeline instance and specify the "users" collection as the // input stage. let snapshot = try await db.pipeline() .collection("users") .execute() // Execute the pipeline to retrieve documents. // Iterate through the documents in the pipeline results, similar to a regular query // snapshot. for result in snapshot.results { print("\(result.id ?? "no ID") => \(result.data)") } } catch { print("Error getting documents with pipeline: \(error)") }
Kotlin
val readDataPipeline = db.pipeline() .collection("users") // Execute the pipeline and handle the result readDataPipeline.execute() .addOnSuccessListener { result -> for (document in result) { println("${document.getId()} => ${document.getData()}") } } .addOnFailureListener { exception -> println("Error getting documents: $exception") }
Java
Pipeline readDataPipeline = db.pipeline() .collection("users"); readDataPipeline.execute() .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Pipeline.Snapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(Pipeline.Snapshot snapshot) { for (PipelineResult result : snapshot.getResults()) { System.out.println(result.getId() + " => " + result.getData()); } } }) .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) { System.out.println("Error getting documents: " + e); } });
Python
pipeline = client.pipeline().collection("users") for result in pipeline.execute(): print(f"{result.id} => {result.data()}")
確保資料安全
如果您使用網頁、Android 或 Apple 平台 SDK,請使用 Firebase Authentication 和 Cloud Firestore Security Rules,確保 Cloud Firestore 中的資料安全無虞。
以下是一些基本規則集,可供您做為入門參考。您可以在控制台的「規則」分頁中修改安全性規則。
需要驗證
// Allow read/write access to a document keyed by the user's UID
service cloud.firestore {
match /databases/{database}/documents {
match /users/{uid} {
allow read, write: if request.auth != null && request.auth.uid == uid;
}
}
}
正式版模式
// Deny read/write access to all users under any conditions
service cloud.firestore {
match /databases/{database}/documents {
match /{document=**} {
allow read, write: if false;
}
}
}
將網頁版、Android 版或 iOS 版應用程式部署至正式環境前,請採取相關步驟,確保只有應用程式用戶端可以存取 Cloud Firestore 資料。請參閱 App Check 說明文件。
如果您使用其中一個伺服器 SDK,請使用身分與存取權管理 (IAM),確保 Cloud Firestore 中的資料安全無虞。
後續步驟
透過下列主題深入瞭解 Core 和管道作業:
- 請務必熟悉核心和管道作業之間的差異
- 進一步瞭解如何使用核心作業查詢
- 進一步瞭解如何使用管道作業查詢。