Mengirim pesan pengujian ke aplikasi di latar belakang
Tetap teratur dengan koleksi
Simpan dan kategorikan konten berdasarkan preferensi Anda.
Untuk mulai menggunakan FCM, coba kasus penggunaan yang paling sederhana: mengirim pesan notifikasi ke pengguna tertentu saat aplikasi berjalan di latar belakang pada perangkat.
Halaman ini membahas semua langkah untuk mencapainya, dari penyiapan hingga verifikasi. Jadi, halaman ini mencakup langkah-langkah yang mungkin telah diselesaikan ketika menyiapkan aplikasi klien JavaScript untuk FCM.
Jika perlu mengambil token pendaftaran saat ini untuk instance aplikasi, pertama-tama minta izin notifikasi dari pengguna dengan Notification.requestPermission().
Jika dipanggil seperti yang ditampilkan, token akan ditampilkan jika izin diberikan atau menolak promise jika ditolak:
FCM memerlukan file firebase-messaging-sw.js.
Jika Anda belum memiliki file firebase-messaging-sw.js, buat file kosong dengan nama tersebut, lalu
letakkan di root domain Anda sebelum mengambil token.
Anda dapat menambahkan konten yang bermakna ke file ini nanti dalam proses penyiapan klien.
Untuk mengambil token terbaru:
Web
import{getMessaging,getToken}from"firebase/messaging";// Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved// subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache.constmessaging=getMessaging();getToken(messaging,{vapidKey:'<YOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE>'}).then((currentToken)=>{if(currentToken){// Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary// ...}else{// Show permission request UIconsole.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');// ...}}).catch((err)=>{console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ',err);// ...});
// Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved// subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache.messaging.getToken({vapidKey:'<YOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE>'}).then((currentToken)=>{if(currentToken){// Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary// ...}else{// Show permission request UIconsole.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');// ...}}).catch((err)=>{console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ',err);// ...});
Jika ini adalah pesan pertama Anda, pilih Create your first campaign.
Pilih Firebase Notification messages, lalu pilih Create.
Atau, di tab Campaigns, pilih New campaign, lalu Notifications.
Masukkan teks pesan. Semua kolom lainnya bersifat opsional.
Pilih Send test message dari panel kanan.
Dalam kolom yang berlabel Add an FCM registration token, masukkan token pendaftaran yang diperoleh di bagian sebelumnya pada panduan ini.
Pilih Test.
Setelah Anda memilih Test, perangkat klien yang ditargetkan (dengan aplikasi berada di latar belakang) akan menerima notifikasi.
Langkah berikutnya
Mengirim pesan ke aplikasi di latar depan
Setelah berhasil mengirim pesan notifikasi selagi aplikasi berjalan di latar belakang, lihat Menerima Pesan di Klien JavaScript untuk memulai pengiriman ke aplikasi di latar depan.
Mempelajari topik lanjutan dari pesan notifikasi
Untuk mempelajari topik selain pesan notifikasi dan menambahkan perilaku lanjutan lain pada aplikasi Anda, lihat:
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Informasi yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Terlalu rumit/langkahnya terlalu banyak","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Sudah usang","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Masalah kode / contoh","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-08-31 UTC."],[],[],null,["To get started with FCM, build out the simplest use case: sending a\nnotification message to a specific user\nwhen the app is in the background on the device.\nThis page lists all the steps to achieve this, from setup to verification\n--- it may cover steps you already completed if you\nhave [set up a JavaScript client app](/docs/cloud-messaging/js/client)\nfor FCM.\n| **Important:** This guide focuses on the background case. If you want to receive messages when your app is in the foreground as well, see also [Receive Messages in a JavaScript Client](/docs/cloud-messaging/js/receive).\n\nSet up the SDK\n\nIf you haven't already, [add Firebase to your JavaScript project](/docs/web/setup).\n\nAccess the registration token\n\nWhen you need to retrieve the current registration token for an app instance, first\nrequest notification permissions from the user with `Notification.requestPermission()`.\nWhen called as shown, this returns a token if permission is granted or rejects the promise\nif denied:\n\n```javascript\nfunction requestPermission() {\n console.log('Requesting permission...');\n Notification.requestPermission().then((permission) =\u003e {\n if (permission === 'granted') {\n console.log('Notification permission granted.');\n```\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nFCM requires a `firebase-messaging-sw.js` file.\nUnless you already have a `firebase-messaging-sw.js` file, create an empty file\nwith that name and place it in the root of your domain before retrieving a token.\nYou can add meaningful content to the file later in the client setup process.\n\nTo retrieve the current token: \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getMessaging, getToken } from \"firebase/messaging\";\n\n// Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved\n// subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache.\nconst messaging = getMessaging();\ngetToken(messaging, { vapidKey: '\u003cYOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE\u003e' }).then((currentToken) =\u003e {\n if (currentToken) {\n // Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary\n // ...\n } else {\n // Show permission request UI\n console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');\n // ...\n }\n}).catch((err) =\u003e {\n console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err);\n // ...\n});https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/messaging-next/index/messaging_get_token.js#L8-L25\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved\n// subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache.\nmessaging.getToken({ vapidKey: '\u003cYOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE\u003e' }).then((currentToken) =\u003e {\n if (currentToken) {\n // Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary\n // ...\n } else {\n // Show permission request UI\n console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');\n // ...\n }\n}).catch((err) =\u003e {\n console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err);\n // ...\n});https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/messaging/index.js#L27-L41\n```\n\nAfter you've obtained the token, send it to your app server and store\nit using your preferred method.\n\nSend a test notification message\n\n1. Install and run the app on the target device. On Apple devices, you'll need\n to accept the request for permission to receive remote notifications.\n\n2. Make sure the app is in the background on the device.\n\n3. In the Firebase console, open the [Messaging page](https://console.firebase.google.com/project/_/messaging/).\n\n4. If this is your first message, select **Create your first\n campaign**.\n\n 1. Select **Firebase Notification messages** and select **Create**.\n5. Otherwise, on the **Campaigns** tab, select **New campaign**\n and then **Notifications**.\n\n6. Enter the message text. All other fields are optional.\n\n7. Select **Send test message** from the right pane.\n\n8. In the field labeled **Add an FCM registration token**, enter the registration\n token you obtained in a previous section of this guide.\n\n9. Select **Test**.\n\nAfter you select **Test**, the targeted client device (with the app in\nthe background) should receive the notification.\n\nNext steps\n\nSend messages to foregrounded apps\n\nOnce you have successfully sent notification messages while your app is in\nthe background, see\n[Receive Messages in a JavaScript Client](/docs/cloud-messaging/js/receive)\nto get started sending to foregrounded apps.\n\nGo beyond notification messages\n\nTo go beyond notification messages and add other, more advanced behavior to your\napp, see:\n\n- [Receive Messages in a JavaScript Client](/docs/cloud-messaging/js/receive)\n- [Send Messages to Multiple Devices](/docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-multiple)"]]
