使用 Firebase 雲端通訊接收訊息

本指南說明如何在行動和網頁用戶端應用程式中設定 Firebase Cloud Messaging，以便穩定接收訊息。

用戶端應用程式安裝在裝置上後，即可透過 FCM APNs 介面接收訊息。您可以使用通知撰寫工具，或在應用程式伺服器上建立訊息，立即開始向使用者區隔傳送通知。

處理快訊通知

FCM 會透過 APNs 傳送所有以 Apple 應用程式為目標的訊息。如要進一步瞭解如何使用 UNUserNotificationCenter 接收 APNs 通知，請參閱 Apple 說明文件「處理通知和通知相關動作」。

您必須設定 UNUserNotificationCenter 委派，並實作適當的委派方法，才能接收 FCM 的顯示通知。

Swift 


extension AppDelegate: UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {
  // Receive displayed notifications for iOS 10 devices.
  func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                              willPresent notification: UNNotification) async
    -> UNNotificationPresentationOptions {
    let userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo

    // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
    // Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

    // ...

    // Print full message.
    print(userInfo)

    // Change this to your preferred presentation option
    // Note: UNNotificationPresentationOptions.alert has been deprecated.
    if #available(iOS 14.0, *) {
      return [.list, .banner, .sound]
    } else {
      return [.alert, .sound]
    }
  }

  func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                              didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse) async {
    let userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo

    // ...

    // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
    // Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

    // Print full message.
    print(userInfo)
  }
}

AppDelegate.swift

Objective-C 

// Receive displayed notifications for iOS 10 devices.
// Handle incoming notification messages while app is in the foreground.
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
       willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification
         withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // ...

  // Print full message.
  NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);

  // Change this to your preferred presentation option
  // Note: UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert has been deprecated.
  if (@available(iOS 14.0, *)) {
    completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionList |
                      UNNotificationPresentationOptionBanner |
                      UNNotificationPresentationOptionSound);
  } else {
    completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert |
                      UNNotificationPresentationOptionSound);
  }
}

// Handle notification messages after display notification is tapped by the user.
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response
         withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;
  if (userInfo[kGCMMessageIDKey]) {
    NSLog(@"Message ID: %@", userInfo[kGCMMessageIDKey]);
  }

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // Print full message.
  NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);

  completionHandler();
}

AppDelegate.m

如要在通知中新增自訂動作，請在通知酬載中設定 click_action 參數。請使用您在 APNs 酬載中用於 category 鍵的值。 自訂動作必須先註冊才能使用。詳情請參閱 Apple 的本機和遠端通知程式設計指南。

如要深入瞭解訊息傳送至應用程式的情形，請參閱 FCM報表資訊主頁，其中會記錄在 Apple 和 Android 裝置上傳送及開啟的訊息數量，以及 Android 應用程式的「曝光次數」(使用者看到的通知) 資料。

處理無聲推播通知

使用 content-available 鍵 (相當於 APNs 的 content-available) 傳送訊息時，訊息會以無聲通知的形式傳送，在背景喚醒應用程式，執行背景資料重新整理等工作。與前景通知不同，這類通知必須使用 application(_:didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:) 方法處理。

實作 application(_:didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:)，如下所示：

Swift

@MainActor
func application(_ application: UIApplication,
                 didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [AnyHashable: Any]) async
  -> UIBackgroundFetchResult {
  // If you are receiving a notification message while your app is in the background,
  // this callback will not be fired till the user taps on the notification launching the application.
  // TODO: Handle data of notification

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

  // Print message ID.
  if let messageID = userInfo[gcmMessageIDKey] {
    print("Message ID: \(messageID)")
  }

  // Print full message.
  print(userInfo)
  print("Call exportDeliveryMetricsToBigQuery() from AppDelegate")
  Messaging.serviceExtension().exportDeliveryMetricsToBigQuery(withMessageInfo: userInfo)
  return UIBackgroundFetchResult.newData
}

AppDelegate.swift

Objective-C

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
    fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler {
  // If you are receiving a notification message while your app is in the background,
  // this callback will not be fired till the user taps on the notification launching the application.
  // TODO: Handle data of notification

  // With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
  // [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // ...

  // Print full message.
  NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);

  completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData);
}
AppDelegate.m

Apple 平台無法保證背景通知的傳送。如要瞭解可能導致背景通知失敗的條件，請參閱 Apple 的「將背景更新推送至應用程式」文件。

解讀通知訊息酬載

通知訊息的酬載是索引鍵和值的字典。 透過 APNs 傳送的通知訊息採用下列 APNs 酬載格式：

  {
    "aps" : {
      "alert" : {
        "body" : "great match!",
        "title" : "Portugal vs. Denmark",
      },
      "badge" : 1,
    },
    "customKey" : "customValue"
  }

處理停用方法調換的訊息

根據預設，如果您將應用程式的應用程式委派類別指派給 UNUserNotificationCenter 和 Messaging 委派屬性，FCM 會交換應用程式委派類別，自動將 FCM 權杖與裝置的 APNs 權杖建立關聯，並將通知接收事件傳遞至 Analytics。如果您明確停用方法交換，或建構 SwiftUI 應用程式，或是使用個別類別做為任一委派，則必須手動執行這兩項工作。

如要將 FCM 權杖與裝置 APNs 權杖建立關聯，請使用 apnsToken 屬性，將 APNs 權杖傳遞至應用程式委派項目的權杖重新整理處理常式中的 Messaging 類別。

Swift

func application(_ application: UIApplication,
    didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken deviceToken: Data) {
  Messaging.messaging().apnsToken = deviceToken;
}

Objective-C

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
    didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
  [FIRMessaging messaging].APNSToken = deviceToken;
}

如要將通知接收資訊傳遞至 Analytics，請使用 appDidReceiveMessage(_:) 方法。

Swift

func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                            willPresent notification: UNNotification,
  withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
  let userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo

  Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

  // Change this to your preferred presentation option
  completionHandler([[.alert, .sound]])
}

func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                            didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse,
                            withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
  let userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo

  Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)

  completionHandler()
}

func application(_ application: UIApplication,
didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [AnyHashable : Any],
  fetchCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UIBackgroundFetchResult) -> Void) {
  Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
  completionHandler(.noData)
}

Objective-C

- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
      willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification
        withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;

  [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  // Change this to your preferred presentation option
  completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge | UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert);
}

- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response
        withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler {
  NSDictionary *userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;

  [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];

  completionHandler();
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult result))completionHandler {
  [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
  completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNoData);
}