Learn about app start, app-in-foreground, and app-in-background performance data (Apple & Android apps)

Performance Monitoring uses traces to collect data about monitored processes in your app. A trace is a report that contains data captured between two points in time in your app.

For Apple and Android apps, Performance Monitoring automatically collects several traces related to app lifecycle. All these traces are like timers because they measure the time it takes for the process to run (the "duration").

App start trace — A trace that measures the time between when the user opens the app and when the app is responsive
App-in-foreground trace — A trace that measures the time when the app is running in the foreground and available to the user
App-in-background trace — A trace that measures the time when the app is running in the background

Since these traces only collect the metric "duration", they are sometimes called "Duration traces".

You can view data from these traces in the Custom traces subtab of the traces table, which is at the bottom of the Performance dashboard (learn more about using the console later on this page).

Definitions for each trace

Performance Monitoring uses method calls and notifications in your app to determine when each type of trace starts and stops. All these traces are like timers because they measure the time it takes for the process to run.

App start trace

This trace measures the time between when the user opens the app and when the app is responsive. In the console, the trace's name is _app_start. The collected metric for this trace is "duration".

Starts when the app's FirebasePerfProvider ContentProvider completes its onCreate method.
Stops when the first activity's onResume() method is called.

Note that if the app was not cold-started by an activity (for example, by a service or broadcast receiver), no trace is generated.

App-in-foreground trace

This trace measures the time when the app is running in the foreground and available to the user. In the console, the trace's name is _app_in_foreground. The collected metric for this trace is "duration".

Starts when the first activity to reach the foreground has its onResume() method called.
Stops when the last activity to leave the foreground has its onStop() method called.

App-in-background trace

This trace measures the time when the app is running in the background. In the console, the trace's name is _app_in_background. The reported metric for this trace is "duration".

Starts when the last activity to leave the foreground has its onStop() method called.
Stops when the first activity to reach the foreground has its onResume() method called.

Metrics collected by these traces

These traces are out-of-the-box traces, so you cannot add custom metrics or custom attributes to them.

All these traces are like timers because they measure the time it takes for the monitored process to run. The name of this collected metric is called "duration".

Track, view, and filter performance data

To view real time performance data, make sure that your app uses a Performance Monitoring SDK version that's compatible with real time data processing. Learn more.

Track key metrics in your dashboard

To learn how your key metrics are trending, add them to your metrics board at the top of the Performance dashboard. You can quickly identify regressions by seeing week-over-week changes or verify that recent changes in your code are improving performance.

an image of the metrics board in the Firebase Performance Monitoring dashboard

To add a metric to your metrics board, go to the Performance dashboard in the Firebase console, then click the Dashboard tab. Click an empty metric card, then select an existing metric to add to your board. Click on a populated metric card for more options, like to replace or remove a metric.

The metrics board shows collected metric data over time, both in graphical form and as a numerical percentage change.

Learn more about using the dashboard.

View traces and their data

To view your traces, go to the Performance dashboard in the Firebase console, scroll down to the traces table, then click the appropriate subtab. The table displays some top metrics for each trace, and you can even sort the list by the percentage change for a specific metric.

If you click a trace name in the traces table, you can then click through various screens to explore the trace and drill down into metrics of interest. On most pages, you can use the Filter button (top-left of the screen) to filter the data by attribute, for example:

an image of Firebase Performance Monitoring data being filtered by attribute

Filter by App version to view data about a past release or your latest release
Filter by Device to learn how older devices handle your app
Filter by Country to make sure your database location isn't affecting a specific region

Learn more about viewing data for your traces.

Next Steps

Learn more about using attributes to examine performance data.
Learn more about how to track performance issues in the Firebase console.
Set up alerts for code changes that are degrading the performance of your app. For example, you can configure an email alert for your team if your app start time exceeds a threshold that you set.

View detailed reports of user sessions in which you can see a specific trace in a timeline context of other traces collected during the same session.