Before you use Cloud Firestore, you must choose a location for your database. To reduce latency and increase availability, store your data close to the users and services that need it. This location setting is your project's default Google Cloud Platform (GCP) resource location.
Note that your default GCP resource location might have been previously set, either during project creation or when setting up another service that requires a location setting (see below).
Default GCP resource location
Several services available for your app require a location setting, called your project's default Google Cloud Platform (GCP) resource location. This location is where your data is stored for GCP services that require a location setting.
The following products share the same default GCP resource location:
Cloud Firestore
Note that your default GCP resource location does not apply to Firebase Realtime Database.Cloud Storage
Note that your default GCP resource location only applies to your default Cloud Storage bucket. If you're on the Blaze plan, you can create multiple buckets, each with its own location.Google App Engine (GAE) app
If you set up an App Engine app, its location shares your default GCP resource location. Note that if you use Cloud Scheduler (for example, to run scheduled functions), you're required to have an App Engine app in your project.
Types of locations
You can store your Cloud Firestore data in a multi-region location or a regional location.
Note that if you already have an App Engine app with a location of either
us-central or europe-west, your Cloud Firestore database will be
considered multi-regional.
Multi-region locations
Select a multi-region location to maximize the availability and durability of your database.
A multi-region location consists of a defined set of regions where multiple replicas of the database are stored. Each replica is either a read-write replica which contains all of the data in the database or a witness replica which does not maintain a full set of data but participates in replication.
By replicating the data between multiple regions, data can continue to be served even with the loss of an entire region. Within a region, data is replicated across zones so that data can continue to be served within that region even with the loss of a zone.
Firebase supports the following multi-region GCP resource locations:| Multi-Region Name | Multi-Region Description | Read-Write Regions | Witness Region |
|---|---|---|---|
eur3 |
Europe | europe-west1 (Belgium), europe-west4 (Netherlands) |
europe-north1 (Finland) |
nam5 |
United States | us-central1 (Iowa), us-central2 (Oklahoma—private GCP region) |
us-east1 (South Carolina) |
Regional locations
A regional location is a specific geographic place, such as South Carolina. Data in a regional location is replicated in multiple zones within a region. All regional locations are separated from other regional locations by at least 100 miles.
Select a regional location for lower costs, for lower write latency if your application is sensitive to latency, or for co-location with other GCP resources.
Firebase supports the following regional GCP resource locations:| Region Name | Region Description | |
|---|---|---|
| North America | ||
us-west1 | Oregon | |
us-west2 | Los Angeles | |
us-west3 | Salt Lake City | |
us-west4 | Las Vegas | |
|
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Iowa | |
northamerica-northeast1 | Montréal | |
|
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Toronto | |
us-east1 | South Carolina | |
us-east4 | Northern Virginia | |
|
This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Columbus | |
|
This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Dallas | |
| South America | ||
|
This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Santiago | |
southamerica-east1 | São Paulo | |
| Europe | ||
europe-west2 | London | |
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Belgium | |
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Netherlands | |
|
This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Milan | |
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This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Madrid | |
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|
Paris | |
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This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Turin | |
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This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Berlin | |
europe-west3 | Frankfurt | |
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This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Finland | |
europe-central2 | Warsaw | |
europe-west6 | Zürich | |
| Middle East | ||
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Doha | |
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Dammam | |
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Tel Aviv | |
| Asia | ||
asia-south1 | Mumbai | |
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This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Delhi | |
asia-southeast1 | Singapore | |
asia-southeast2 | Jakarta | |
asia-east2 | Hong Kong | |
asia-east1 | Taiwan | |
asia-northeast1 | Tokyo | |
asia-northeast2 | Osaka | |
asia-northeast3 | Seoul | |
| Australia | ||
australia-southeast1 | Sydney | |
|
This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Melbourne | |
| Africa | ||
|
This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location. |
Johannesburg | |
Location SLA
Your Cloud Firestore location type determines the Service Level Agreement (SLA) uptime percentage:
| Covered Service | Monthly Uptime Percentage |
|---|---|
| Cloud Firestore Multi-Region | >= 99.999% |
| Cloud Firestore Regional | >= 99.99% |
Location Pricing
Your Cloud Firestore location determines the cost of database operations.
For a comprehensive explanation of pricing per region and per region type, see Understand Cloud Firestore billing.
View the location of your databases
In the Firebase console, go to your Project settings.
Next steps
- To create a Cloud Firestore database in a specific location, visit Get started with Cloud Firestore.
- For more information about building applications to meet your latency, availability, and durability requirements, refer to Geography and Regions.