Bestellen und begrenzen Sie Daten mit Cloud Firestore

Cloud Firestore bietet leistungsstarke Abfragefunktionen zum Angeben, welche Dokumente Sie aus einer Sammlung abrufen möchten. Diese Abfragen können auch mit get() oder addSnapshotListener() verwendet werden, wie in Daten abrufen beschrieben.

Daten bestellen und limitieren

Standardmäßig ruft eine Abfrage alle Dokumente ab, die der Abfrage entsprechen, in aufsteigender Reihenfolge nach Dokument-ID. Sie können die Sortierreihenfolge Ihrer Daten mit orderBy() festlegen und die Anzahl der abgerufenen Dokumente mit limit() begrenzen.

Beispielsweise könnten Sie alphabetisch nach den ersten 3 Städten suchen mit:

import { query, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("name"), limit(3));
order_and_limit.js

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);
test.firestore.js

citiesRef.order(by: "name").limit(to: 3)
ViewController.swift

[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"name"] queryLimitedTo:3];
ViewController.m

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3)
DocSnippets.kt

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);
DocSnippets.java

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);
firestore.dart

Query query = cities.orderBy("name").limit(3);
Query query = cities.orderBy("name").limitToLast(3);
QueryDataSnippets.java

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name").limit_to_last(2)
results = query.get()
snippets.py

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name").limit_to_last(2)
results = await query.get()
snippets.py

cities_ref.OrderBy("name").Limit(3);
snippets.cpp

const firstThreeRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('name').limit(3).get();
index.js

query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Asc).Limit(3)
query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Asc).LimitToLast(3)
query.go

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('name')->limit(3);
query_order_limit.php

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Name").Limit(3);

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Name").Limit(3);
Program.cs

query = cities_ref.order("name").limit(3)
order_limit_data.rb

Sie können auch in absteigender Reihenfolge sortieren, um die letzten 3 Städte zu erhalten:

import { query, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("name", "desc"), limit(3));
order_and_limit_desc.js

citiesRef.orderBy("name", "desc").limit(3);
test.firestore.js

citiesRef.order(by: "name", descending: true).limit(to: 3)
ViewController.swift

[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"name" descending:YES] queryLimitedTo:3];
ViewController.m

citiesRef.orderBy("name", Query.Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3)
DocSnippets.kt

citiesRef.orderBy("name", Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3);
DocSnippets.java

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef.orderBy("name", descending: true).limit(3);
firestore.dart

Query query = cities.orderBy("name", Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3);
QueryDataSnippets.java

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
query = cities_ref.order_by(
    u'name', direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING).limit(3)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING).limit(3)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py

cities_ref.OrderBy("name", Query::Direction::kDescending).Limit(3);
snippets.cpp

const lastThreeRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('name', 'desc').limit(3).get();
index.js

query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Desc).Limit(3)
query.go

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('name', 'DESC')->limit(3);
query_order_desc_limit.php

Query query = citiesRef.OrderByDescending("Name").Limit(3);

Query query = citiesRef.OrderByDescending("Name").Limit(3);
Program.cs

query = cities_ref.order("name", "desc").limit(3)
order_limit_data.rb

Sie können auch nach mehreren Feldern sortieren. Wenn Sie beispielsweise nach Bundesland und innerhalb jedes Bundeslandes nach Einwohnerzahl in absteigender Reihenfolge sortieren möchten:

import { query, orderBy } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("state"), orderBy("population", "desc"));
order_multiple.js

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", "desc");
test.firestore.js

citiesRef
    .order(by: "state")
    .order(by: "population", descending: true)
ViewController.swift

[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"state"] queryOrderedByField:@"population" descending:YES];
ViewController.m

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Query.Direction.DESCENDING)
DocSnippets.kt

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Direction.DESCENDING);
DocSnippets.java

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", descending: true);
firestore.dart

Query query = cities.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Direction.DESCENDING);
QueryDataSnippets.java

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.order_by(u'state').order_by(
    u'population', direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING)
snippets.py

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
cities_ref.order_by("state").order_by(
    "population", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING
)
snippets.py

cities_ref.OrderBy("state").OrderBy("name", Query::Direction::kDescending);
snippets.cpp

const byStateByPopRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('state').orderBy('population', 'desc').get();
index.js

query := client.Collection("cities").OrderBy("state", firestore.Asc).OrderBy("population", firestore.Desc)
query.go

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('state')->orderBy('population', 'DESC');
query_order_multi.php

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("State").OrderByDescending("Population");

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("State").OrderByDescending("Population");
Program.cs

query = cities_ref.order("state").order("population", "desc")
order_limit_data.rb

Sie können where() -Filter mit orderBy() und limit() kombinieren. Im folgenden Beispiel definieren die Abfragen einen Populationsschwellenwert, sortieren nach Population in aufsteigender Reihenfolge und geben nur die ersten paar Ergebnisse zurück, die den Schwellenwert überschreiten:

import { query, where, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, where("population", ">", 100000), orderBy("population"), limit(2));
filter_and_order.js

citiesRef.where("population", ">", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2);
test.firestore.js

citiesRef
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
    .order(by: "population")
    .limit(to: 2)
ViewController.swift

[[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@100000]
    queryOrderedByField:@"population"]
    queryLimitedTo:2];
ViewController.m

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2)
DocSnippets.kt

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2);
DocSnippets.java

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef
    .where("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
    .orderBy("population")
    .limit(2);
firestore.dart

Query query = cities.whereGreaterThan("population", 2500000L).orderBy("population").limit(2);
QueryDataSnippets.java

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
query = cities_ref.where(
    u'population', u'>', 2500000).order_by(u'population').limit(2)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2500000).order_by("population").limit(2)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py

cities_ref.WhereGreaterThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(100000))
    .OrderBy("population")
    .Limit(2);
snippets.cpp

const biggestRes = await citiesRef.where('population', '>', 2500000)
  .orderBy('population').limit(2).get();
index.js

query := cities.Where("population", ">", 2500000).OrderBy("population", firestore.Desc).Limit(2)
query.go

$query = $citiesRef
    ->where('population', '>', 2500000)
    ->orderBy('population')
    ->limit(2);
query_order_limit_field_valid.php

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population")
    .Limit(2);

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population")
    .Limit(2);
Program.cs

query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2_500_000).order("population").limit(2)
order_limit_data.rb

Wenn Sie jedoch einen Filter mit einem Bereichsvergleich haben ( < , <= , > , >= ), muss Ihre erste Sortierung auf demselben Feld erfolgen, siehe die Liste der Einschränkungen von orderBy() weiter unten.

Einschränkungen

Beachten Sie die folgenden Einschränkungen für orderBy() -Klauseln:

• Eine orderBy() Klausel filtert auch nach dem Vorhandensein der angegebenen Felder. Die Ergebnismenge enthält keine Dokumente, die die angegebenen Felder nicht enthalten.

• Wenn Sie einen Filter mit einem Bereichsvergleich einschließen ( < , <= , > , >= ), muss Ihre erste Sortierung im selben Feld erfolgen:

  Gültig : Bereichsfilter und orderBy für dasselbe Feld

  Web version 9

  import { query, where, orderBy } from "firebase/firestore";  
  
  const q = query(citiesRef, where("population", ">", 100000), orderBy("population"));
  valid_filter_and_order.js

  Web version 8

  citiesRef.where("population", ">", 100000).orderBy("population");
  test.firestore.js

  Schnell

  Hinweis: Dieses Produkt ist auf watchOS- und App Clip-Zielen nicht verfügbar.

  citiesRef
      .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
      .order(by: "population")
  ViewController.swift

  Ziel c

  Hinweis: Dieses Produkt ist auf watchOS- und App Clip-Zielen nicht verfügbar.

  [[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@100000]
      queryOrderedByField:@"population"];
  ViewController.m

  Kotlin+KTX

  citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population")
  DocSnippets.kt

  Java

  citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population");
  DocSnippets.java

  Dart

  final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
  citiesRef.where("population", isGreaterThan: 100000).orderBy("population");
  firestore.dart

  Java

  Query query = cities.whereGreaterThan("population", 2500000L).orderBy("population");
  QueryDataSnippets.java

  Python

  cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
  query = cities_ref.where(
      u'population', u'>', 2500000).order_by(u'population')
  results = query.stream()
  snippets.py

  Python

  cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
  query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2500000).order_by("population")
  results = query.stream()
  snippets.py

  Node.js

  citiesRef.where('population', '>', 2500000).orderBy('population');
  index.js

  Gehen

  query := cities.Where("population", ">", 2500000).OrderBy("population", firestore.Asc)
  query.go

  PHP

  PHP

  Weitere Informationen zum Installieren und Erstellen eines Cloud Firestore-Clients finden Sie unter Cloud Firestore-Clientbibliotheken .

  $query = $citiesRef
      ->where('population', '>', 2500000)
      ->orderBy('population');
  query_order_with_filter.php

  Einheit

  Query query = citiesRef
      .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
      .OrderBy("Population");

  C#

  Query query = citiesRef
      .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
      .OrderBy("Population");
  Program.cs

  Rubin

  query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2_500_000).order("population")
  order_limit_data.rb

  Ungültig : Bereichsfilter und erstes orderBy in verschiedenen Feldern

  Web version 9

  import { query, where, orderBy } from "firebase/firestore";  
  
  const q = query(citiesRef, where("population", ">", 100000), orderBy("country"));
  invalid_filter_and_order.js

  Web version 8

  citiesRef.where("population", ">", 100000).orderBy("country");
  test.firestore.js

  Schnell

  Hinweis: Dieses Produkt ist auf watchOS- und App Clip-Zielen nicht verfügbar.

  citiesRef
      .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
      .order(by: "country")
  ViewController.swift

  Ziel c

  Hinweis: Dieses Produkt ist auf watchOS- und App Clip-Zielen nicht verfügbar.

  [[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@100000] queryOrderedByField:@"country"];
  ViewController.m

  Kotlin+KTX

  citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("country")
  DocSnippets.kt

  Java

  citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("country");
  DocSnippets.java

  Dart

  final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
  citiesRef.where("population", isGreaterThan: 100000).orderBy("country");
  firestore.dart

  Java

  Query query = cities.whereGreaterThan("population", 2500000L).orderBy("country");
  QueryDataSnippets.java

  Python

  cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
  query = cities_ref.where(u'population', u'>', 2500000).order_by(u'country')
  results = query.stream()
  snippets.py

  Python

  cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
  query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2500000).order_by("country")
  results = query.stream()
  snippets.py

  C++

  // BAD EXAMPLE -- will crash the program:
  cities_ref.WhereGreaterThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(100000))
      .OrderBy("country");
  snippets.cpp

  Node.js

  citiesRef.where('population', '>', 2500000).orderBy('country');
  index.js

  Gehen

  // Note: This is an invalid query. It violates the constraint that range
  // and order by are required to be on the same field.
  query := cities.Where("population", ">", 2500000).OrderBy("country", firestore.Asc)
  query.go

  PHP

  PHP

  Weitere Informationen zum Installieren und Erstellen eines Cloud Firestore-Clients finden Sie unter Cloud Firestore-Clientbibliotheken .

  $invalidRangeQuery = $citiesRef
      ->where('population', '>', 2500000)
      ->orderBy('country');
  query_order_field_invalid.php

  Einheit

  Query query = citiesRef
      .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
      .OrderBy("Country");

  C#

  Query query = citiesRef
      .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
      .OrderBy("Country");
  Program.cs

  Rubin

  query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2_500_000).order("country")
  order_limit_data.rb

• Sie können Ihre Abfrage nicht nach Feldern sortieren, die in einer Gleichheitsklausel ( = ) oder in -Klausel enthalten sind.