您的文件存储在Cloud Storage 存储桶中。此存储桶中的文件以层次结构呈现,就像本地硬盘上的文件系统或 Firebase 实时数据库中的数据一样。通过创建对文件的引用,您的应用程序可以访问它。这些引用随后可用于上传或下载数据、获取或更新元数据或删除文件。引用可以指向特定文件或层次结构中的更高级别节点。
如果您使用过Firebase Realtime Database ,这些路径对您来说应该非常熟悉。但是,您的文件数据存储在 Cloud Storage 中,而不是实时数据库中。
创建参考
为了上传或下载文件、删除文件或获取或更新元数据,您必须创建对要操作的文件的引用。可以将引用视为指向云中文件的指针。引用是轻量级的,因此您可以根据需要创建任意数量的引用,而且它们还可以重复用于多个操作。
要创建引用,请使用getStorage()
获取存储服务的实例,然后使用该服务作为参数调用ref()
。此引用指向您的 Cloud Storage 存储桶的根目录。
Web version 9
import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage"; // Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucket const storage = getStorage(); // Create a storage reference from our storage service const storageRef = ref(storage);
Web version 8
// Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucket var storage = firebase.storage(); // Create a storage reference from our storage service var storageRef = storage.ref();
您可以通过在调用ref()
时将此路径作为第二个参数传递来创建对树中较低位置的引用,例如'images/space.jpg'
。
Web version 9
import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage"; const storage = getStorage(); // Create a child reference const imagesRef = ref(storage, 'images'); // imagesRef now points to 'images' // Child references can also take paths delimited by '/' const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg'); // spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg" // imagesRef still points to "images"
Web version 8
// Create a child reference var imagesRef = storageRef.child('images'); // imagesRef now points to 'images' // Child references can also take paths delimited by '/' var spaceRef = storageRef.child('images/space.jpg'); // spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg" // imagesRef still points to "images"
使用参考导航
您还可以使用parent
和root
属性在文件层次结构中向上导航。 parent
向上导航一个级别,而root
则一直导航到顶部。
Web version 9
import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage"; const storage = getStorage(); const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg'); // Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference const imagesRef = spaceRef.parent; // imagesRef now points to 'images' // Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket const rootRef = spaceRef.root; // rootRef now points to the root
Web version 8
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference var imagesRef = spaceRef.parent; // imagesRef now points to 'images' // Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket var rootRef = spaceRef.root; // rootRef now points to the root
child()
、 parent
和root
可以多次链接在一起,因为每个都返回一个引用。例外是root
的parent
级,它是null
。
Web version 9
import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage"; const storage = getStorage(); const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg'); // References can be chained together multiple times const earthRef = ref(spaceRef.parent, 'earth.jpg'); // earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg' // nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null const nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent;
Web version 8
// References can be chained together multiple times var earthRef = spaceRef.parent.child('earth.jpg'); // earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg' // nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null var nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent;
参考属性
您可以使用fullPath
、 name
和bucket
属性检查引用以更好地了解它们指向的文件。这些属性获取文件的完整路径、文件名以及文件存储的存储桶。
Web version 9
import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage"; const storage = getStorage(); const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg'); // Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg' // This is analogous to a file path on disk spaceRef.fullPath; // Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg' // This is analogous to the file name spaceRef.name; // Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored spaceRef.bucket;
Web version 8
// Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg' // This is analogous to a file path on disk spaceRef.fullPath; // Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg' // This is analogous to the file name spaceRef.name; // Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored spaceRef.bucket;
参考文献的限制
引用路径和名称可以包含任何有效的 Unicode 字符序列,但有一定的限制,包括:
- 使用 UTF-8 编码时,
reference.fullPath
的总长度必须在 1 到 1024 字节之间。 - 没有回车符或换行符。
- 避免使用
#
、[
、]
、*
或?
,因为这些不能很好地与其他工具(例如Firebase 实时数据库或gsutil )一起使用。
完整示例
Web version 9
import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage"; const storage = getStorage(); // Points to the root reference const storageRef = ref(storage); // Points to 'images' const imagesRef = ref(storageRef, 'images'); // Points to 'images/space.jpg' // Note that you can use variables to create child values const fileName = 'space.jpg'; const spaceRef = ref(imagesRef, fileName); // File path is 'images/space.jpg' const path = spaceRef.fullPath; // File name is 'space.jpg' const name = spaceRef.name; // Points to 'images' const imagesRefAgain = spaceRef.parent;
Web version 8
// Points to the root reference var storageRef = firebase.storage().ref(); // Points to 'images' var imagesRef = storageRef.child('images'); // Points to 'images/space.jpg' // Note that you can use variables to create child values var fileName = 'space.jpg'; var spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName); // File path is 'images/space.jpg' var path = spaceRef.fullPath; // File name is 'space.jpg' var name = spaceRef.name; // Points to 'images' var imagesRef = spaceRef.parent;
接下来,让我们学习如何将文件上传到云存储。