透過 Apple 平台上的 Cloud Storage 下載檔案

Cloud Storage for Firebase 可讓您快速輕鬆地從 Firebase 提供及管理的 Cloud Storage 儲存體下載檔案。

可建立參照

如要下載檔案，請先建立 Cloud Storage 參照，指向要下載的檔案。

您可以將子路徑附加至 Cloud Storage 值區的根目錄，藉此建立參照，也可以從現有的 gs:// 或 https:// 網址建立參照，以便參照 Cloud Storage 中的物件。

Swift

// Create a reference with an initial file path and name
let pathReference = storage.reference(withPath: "images/stars.jpg")

// Create a reference from a Google Cloud Storage URI
let gsReference = storage.reference(forURL: "gs://<your-firebase-storage-bucket>/images/stars.jpg")

// Create a reference from an HTTPS URL
// Note that in the URL, characters are URL escaped!
let httpsReference = storage.reference(forURL: "https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/b/bucket/o/images%20stars.jpg")

Objective-C

// Create a reference with an initial file path and name
FIRStorageReference *pathReference = [storage referenceWithPath:@"images/stars.jpg"];

// Create a reference from a Google Cloud Storage URI
FIRStorageReference *gsReference = [storage referenceForURL:@"gs://<your-firebase-storage-bucket>/images/stars.jpg"];

// Create a reference from an HTTPS URL
// Note that in the URL, characters are URL escaped!
FIRStorageReference *httpsReference = [storage referenceForURL:@"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/b/bucket/o/images%20stars.jpg"];

下載檔案

取得參照後，您可以透過下列三種方式下載 Cloud Storage 中的檔案：

  1. 下載至記憶體中的 NSData
  2. 下載至代表裝置上檔案的 NSURL
  3. 產生代表檔案的 NSURL

在記憶體中下載

使用 dataWithMaxSize:completion: 方法，將檔案下載至記憶體中的 NSData 物件。這是快速下載檔案最簡單的方式，但必須將檔案的完整內容載入記憶體中。如果您要求的檔案大小超過應用程式可用記憶體，應用程式就會當機。為避免記憶體問題，請務必將最大大小設為應用程式可處理的大小，或使用其他下載方法。

Swift

// Create a reference to the file you want to download
let islandRef = storageRef.child("images/island.jpg")

// Download in memory with a maximum allowed size of 1MB (1 * 1024 * 1024 bytes)
islandRef.getData(maxSize: 1 * 1024 * 1024) { data, error in
  if let error = error {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
  } else {
    // Data for "images/island.jpg" is returned
    let image = UIImage(data: data!)
  }
}

Objective-C

// Create a reference to the file you want to download
FIRStorageReference *islandRef = [storageRef child:@"images/island.jpg"];

// Download in memory with a maximum allowed size of 1MB (1 * 1024 * 1024 bytes)
[islandRef dataWithMaxSize:1 * 1024 * 1024 completion:^(NSData *data, NSError *error){
  if (error != nil) {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
  } else {
    // Data for "images/island.jpg" is returned
    UIImage *islandImage = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
  }
}];

下載至本機檔案

writeToFile:completion: 方法會將檔案直接下載至本機裝置。如果使用者想在離線時存取檔案，或在其他應用程式中分享檔案，請使用這個方法。writeToFile:completion: 會傳回 FIRStorageDownloadTask，您可以使用這個值來管理下載作業，並監控上傳作業的狀態。

Swift

// Create a reference to the file you want to download
let islandRef = storageRef.child("images/island.jpg")

// Create local filesystem URL
let localURL = URL(string: "path/to/image")!

// Download to the local filesystem
let downloadTask = islandRef.write(toFile: localURL) { url, error in
  if let error = error {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
  } else {
    // Local file URL for "images/island.jpg" is returned
  }
}

Objective-C

// Create a reference to the file you want to download
FIRStorageReference *islandRef = [storageRef child:@"images/island.jpg"];

// Create local filesystem URL
NSURL *localURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"path/to/image"];

// Download to the local filesystem
FIRStorageDownloadTask *downloadTask = [islandRef writeToFile:localURL completion:^(NSURL *URL, NSError *error){
  if (error != nil) {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
  } else {
    // Local file URL for "images/island.jpg" is returned
  }
}];

如果您想主動管理下載作業，可以使用 writeToFile: 方法並觀察下載工作，而非使用完成處理常式。詳情請參閱「管理下載內容」。

產生下載網址

如果您已經有以網址為基礎的下載基礎架構，或是只想取得要分享的網址，可以在 Cloud Storage 參照上呼叫 downloadURLWithCompletion: 方法，取得檔案的下載網址。

Swift

// Create a reference to the file you want to download
let starsRef = storageRef.child("images/stars.jpg")

// Fetch the download URL
starsRef.downloadURL { url, error in
  if let error = error {
    // Handle any errors
  } else {
    // Get the download URL for 'images/stars.jpg'
  }
}

Objective-C

// Create a reference to the file you want to download
FIRStorageReference *starsRef = [storageRef child:@"images/stars.jpg"];

// Fetch the download URL
[starsRef downloadURLWithCompletion:^(NSURL *URL, NSError *error){
  if (error != nil) {
    // Handle any errors
  } else {
    // Get the download URL for 'images/stars.jpg'
  }
}];

使用 FirebaseUI 下載圖片

FirebaseUI 提供簡單、可自訂且可用於實際工作環境的原生行動裝置繫結，可消除樣板程式碼並推廣 Google 最佳做法。您可以使用 FirebaseUI，透過與 SDWebImage 整合，快速輕鬆地下載、快取及顯示 Cloud Storage 中的圖片。

首先，請將 FirebaseUI 新增至 Podfile：

pod 'FirebaseStorageUI'

接著，您可以直接從 Cloud Storage 將圖片載入 UIImageView：

Swift

// Reference to an image file in Firebase Storage
let reference = storageRef.child("images/stars.jpg")

// UIImageView in your ViewController
let imageView: UIImageView = self.imageView

// Placeholder image
let placeholderImage = UIImage(named: "placeholder.jpg")

// Load the image using SDWebImage
imageView.sd_setImage(with: reference, placeholderImage: placeholderImage)

Objective-C

// Reference to an image file in Firebase Storage
FIRStorageReference *reference = [storageRef child:@"images/stars.jpg"];

// UIImageView in your ViewController
UIImageView *imageView = self.imageView;

// Placeholder image
UIImage *placeholderImage;

// Load the image using SDWebImage
[imageView sd_setImageWithStorageReference:reference placeholderImage:placeholderImage];

管理下載內容

除了開始下載之外，您還可以使用 pause、resume 和 cancel 方法暫停、繼續和取消下載作業。這些方法會觸發可觀察的 pause、resume 和 cancel 事件。

Swift

// Start downloading a file
let downloadTask = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg").write(toFile: localFile)

// Pause the download
downloadTask.pause()

// Resume the download
downloadTask.resume()

// Cancel the download
downloadTask.cancel()

Objective-C

// Start downloading a file
FIRStorageDownloadTask *downloadTask = [[storageRef child:@"images/mountains.jpg"] writeToFile:localFile];

// Pause the download
[downloadTask pause];

// Resume the download
[downloadTask resume];

// Cancel the download
[downloadTask cancel];

監控下載進度

您可以將觀察器附加至 FIRStorageDownloadTask，以監控下載進度。新增觀察器會傳回 FIRStorageHandle，可用於移除觀察器。

Swift

// Add a progress observer to a download task
let observer = downloadTask.observe(.progress) { snapshot in
  // A progress event occurred
}

Objective-C

// Add a progress observer to a download task
FIRStorageHandle observer = [downloadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress
                                                handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
                                                  // A progress event occurred
                                                }];

這些觀察器可註冊至 FIRStorageTaskStatus 事件：

`FIRStorageTaskStatus` 事件 常見用途
FIRStorageTaskStatusResume 這個事件會在工作開始或恢復下載時觸發，通常會與 FIRStorageTaskStatusPause 事件搭配使用。
FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress 此事件會在任何從 Cloud Storage 下載資料時觸發，並可用於填入下載進度指標。
FIRStorageTaskStatusPause 只要下載作業暫停，就會觸發這項事件，且通常會與 FIRStorageTaskStatusResume 事件搭配使用。
FIRStorageTaskStatusSuccess 下載完成後會觸發這項事件。
FIRStorageTaskStatusFailure 此事件會在下載失敗時觸發。檢查錯誤，找出失敗原因。

事件發生時，系統會傳回 FIRStorageTaskSnapshot 物件。這個快照是事件發生時，對工作不可變動的檢視畫面。這個物件包含下列屬性：

屬性 類型 說明
progress NSProgress 包含下載進度的 NSProgress 物件。
error NSError 下載期間發生的錯誤 (如果有)。
metadata FIRStorageMetadata nil 的下載次數。
task FIRStorageDownloadTask 這是工作快照，可用於管理 (pause、resume、cancel) 工作。
reference FIRStorageReference 這項工作的參照來源。

您也可以依狀態個別移除觀察者，或是一次移除所有觀察者。

Swift

// Create a task listener handle
let observer = downloadTask.observe(.progress) { snapshot in
// A progress event occurred
}

// Remove an individual observer
downloadTask.removeObserver(withHandle: observer)

// Remove all observers of a particular status
downloadTask.removeAllObservers(for: .progress)

// Remove all observers
downloadTask.removeAllObservers()

Objective-C

// Create a task listener handle
FIRStorageHandle observer = [downloadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress
                                                handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
                                                  // A progress event occurred
                                                }];

// Remove an individual observer
[downloadTask removeObserverWithHandle:observer];

// Remove all observers of a particular status
[downloadTask removeAllObserversForStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress];

// Remove all observers
[downloadTask removeAllObservers];

為避免記憶體流失，系統會在 FIRStorageTaskStatusSuccess 或 FIRStorageTaskStatusFailure 發生後移除所有觀察器。

處理錯誤

下載時可能會發生錯誤，原因有很多，包括檔案不存在，或使用者沒有權限存取所需檔案。如要進一步瞭解錯誤，請參閱文件中的「處理錯誤」一節。

完整範例

以下是下載至本機檔案並處理錯誤的完整範例：

Swift

// Create a reference to the file we want to download
let starsRef = storageRef.child("images/stars.jpg")

// Start the download (in this case writing to a file)
let downloadTask = storageRef.write(toFile: localURL)

// Observe changes in status
downloadTask.observe(.resume) { snapshot in
  // Download resumed, also fires when the download starts
}

downloadTask.observe(.pause) { snapshot in
  // Download paused
}

downloadTask.observe(.progress) { snapshot in
  // Download reported progress
  let percentComplete = 100.0 * Double(snapshot.progress!.completedUnitCount)
    / Double(snapshot.progress!.totalUnitCount)
}

downloadTask.observe(.success) { snapshot in
  // Download completed successfully
}

// Errors only occur in the "Failure" case
downloadTask.observe(.failure) { snapshot in
  guard let errorCode = (snapshot.error as? NSError)?.code else {
    return
  }
  guard let error = StorageErrorCode(rawValue: errorCode) else {
    return
  }
  switch (error) {
  case .objectNotFound:
    // File doesn't exist
    break
  case .unauthorized:
    // User doesn't have permission to access file
    break
  case .cancelled:
    // User cancelled the download
    break

  /* ... */

  case .unknown:
    // Unknown error occurred, inspect the server response
    break
  default:
    // Another error occurred. This is a good place to retry the download.
    break
  }
}

Objective-C

// Create a reference to the file we want to download
FIRStorageReference *starsRef = [storageRef child:@"images/stars.jpg"];

// Start the download (in this case writing to a file)
FIRStorageDownloadTask *downloadTask = [storageRef writeToFile:localURL];

// Observe changes in status
[downloadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusResume handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Download resumed, also fires when the download starts
}];

[downloadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusPause handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Download paused
}];

[downloadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Download reported progress
  double percentComplete = 100.0 * (snapshot.progress.completedUnitCount) / (snapshot.progress.totalUnitCount);
}];

[downloadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusSuccess handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Download completed successfully
}];

// Errors only occur in the "Failure" case
[downloadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusFailure handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  if (snapshot.error != nil) {
    switch (snapshot.error.code) {
      case FIRStorageErrorCodeObjectNotFound:
        // File doesn't exist
        break;

      case FIRStorageErrorCodeUnauthorized:
        // User doesn't have permission to access file
        break;

      case FIRStorageErrorCodeCancelled:
        // User canceled the upload
        break;

      /* ... */

      case FIRStorageErrorCodeUnknown:
        // Unknown error occurred, inspect the server response
        break;
    }
  }
}];

您也可以取得及更新中繼資料，適用於儲存在 Cloud Storage 中的檔案。