透過網頁版 Cloud Storage 上傳檔案

Cloud Storage for Firebase 可讓您輕鬆快速地將檔案上傳至由 Firebase 提供及管理的 Cloud Storage 值區。

上傳檔案

如要將檔案上傳至 Cloud Storage，您必須先建立檔案完整路徑的參照，包括檔案名稱。

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

// Create a root reference
const storage = getStorage();

// Create a reference to 'mountains.jpg'
const mountainsRef = ref(storage, 'mountains.jpg');

// Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg'
const mountainImagesRef = ref(storage, 'images/mountains.jpg');

// While the file names are the same, the references point to different files
mountainsRef.name === mountainImagesRef.name;           // true
mountainsRef.fullPath === mountainImagesRef.fullPath;   // false 
storage_upload_ref.js

網路命名空間 API

// Create a root reference
var storageRef = firebase.storage().ref();

// Create a reference to 'mountains.jpg'
var mountainsRef = storageRef.child('mountains.jpg');

// Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg'
var mountainImagesRef = storageRef.child('images/mountains.jpg');

// While the file names are the same, the references point to different files
mountainsRef.name === mountainImagesRef.name;           // true
mountainsRef.fullPath === mountainImagesRef.fullPath;   // false 
upload-files.js

從 Blob 或 File 上傳

建立適當的參照後，接著呼叫 uploadBytes() 方法。uploadBytes() 會透過 JavaScript File 和 Blob API 接收檔案，並將檔案上傳至 Cloud Storage。

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytes } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'some-child');

// 'file' comes from the Blob or File API
uploadBytes(storageRef, file).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a blob or file!');
});
storage_upload_blob.js

網路命名空間 API

// 'file' comes from the Blob or File API
ref.put(file).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a blob or file!');
});
upload-files.js

從 Byte 陣列上傳

除了 File 和 Blob 類型外，uploadBytes() 也能將 Uint8Array 上傳至 Cloud Storage。

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytes } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'some-child');

const bytes = new Uint8Array([0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21]);
uploadBytes(storageRef, bytes).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded an array!');
});
storage_upload_bytes.js

網路命名空間 API

var bytes = new Uint8Array([0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21]);
ref.put(bytes).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded an array!');
});
upload-files.js

從字串上傳

如果無法使用 Blob、File 或 Uint8Array，您可以使用 uploadString() 方法，將原始、base64、base64url 或 data_url 編碼的字串上傳至 Cloud Storage。

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref, uploadString } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'some-child');

// Raw string is the default if no format is provided
const message = 'This is my message.';
uploadString(storageRef, message).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a raw string!');
});

// Base64 formatted string
const message2 = '5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
uploadString(storageRef, message2, 'base64').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64 string!');
});

// Base64url formatted string
const message3 = '5b6p5Y-344GX44G-44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
uploadString(storageRef, message3, 'base64url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64url string!');
});

// Data URL string
const message4 = 'data:text/plain;base64,5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
uploadString(storageRef, message4, 'data_url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a data_url string!');
});
storage_upload_string.js

網路命名空間 API

// Raw string is the default if no format is provided
var message = 'This is my message.';
ref.putString(message).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a raw string!');
});

// Base64 formatted string
var message = '5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
ref.putString(message, 'base64').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64 string!');
});

// Base64url formatted string
var message = '5b6p5Y-344GX44G-44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
ref.putString(message, 'base64url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64url string!');
});

// Data URL string
var message = 'data:text/plain;base64,5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
ref.putString(message, 'data_url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a data_url string!');
});
upload-files.js

由於參照定義了檔案的完整路徑，因此請務必上傳至非空白的路徑。

新增檔案中繼資料

上傳檔案時，您也可以指定該檔案的中繼資料。這個中繼資料包含一般檔案中繼資料屬性，例如 name、size 和 contentType (通常稱為 MIME 類型)。Cloud Storage 會從檔案儲存在磁碟的副檔名來自動推斷內容類型，但如果您在中繼資料中指定 contentType，系統就會覆寫自動偵測的類型。如未指定 contentType 中繼資料，且檔案沒有副檔名，則 Cloud Storage 會預設為 application/octet-stream 類型。如要進一步瞭解檔案中繼資料，請參閱使用檔案中繼資料一節。

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytes } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/mountains.jpg');

// Create file metadata including the content type
/** @type {any} */
const metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg',
};

// Upload the file and metadata
const uploadTask = uploadBytes(storageRef, file, metadata);
storage_upload_metadata.js

網路命名空間 API

// Create file metadata including the content type
var metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg',
};

// Upload the file and metadata
var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/mountains.jpg').put(file, metadata);
upload-files.js

管理上傳項目

除了開始上傳作業，您還可以使用 pause()、resume() 和 cancel() 方法暫停、繼續及取消上傳作業。呼叫 pause() 或 resume() 會引發 pause 或 running 狀態變更。呼叫 cancel() 方法會導致上傳失敗，並傳回錯誤，表示上傳已取消。

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytesResumable } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/mountains.jpg');

// Upload the file and metadata
const uploadTask = uploadBytesResumable(storageRef, file);

// Pause the upload
uploadTask.pause();

// Resume the upload
uploadTask.resume();

// Cancel the upload
uploadTask.cancel();
storage_manage_uploads.js

網路命名空間 API

// Upload the file and metadata
var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/mountains.jpg').put(file);

// Pause the upload
uploadTask.pause();

// Resume the upload
uploadTask.resume();

// Cancel the upload
uploadTask.cancel();
upload-files.js

監控上傳進度

上傳時，上傳工作可能會在 state_changed 觀察器中引發進度事件，例如：

事件類型 一般用量
running 這個事件會在工作開始或繼續上傳時觸發，通常會與 pause 事件搭配使用。如果上傳作業規模較大，可能會以進度更新多次觸發這個事件。
pause 這個事件會在上傳暫停時觸發，通常會與 running 事件搭配使用。

事件發生時，系統會傳回 TaskSnapshot 物件。此快照是事件發生時，工作的不可變更檢視畫面。這個物件包含下列屬性：

屬性 類型 說明
bytesTransferred Number 使用這個快照時傳輸的位元組總數。
totalBytes Number 預計上傳的位元組總數。
state firebase.storage.TaskState 上傳作業目前的狀態。
metadata firebaseStorage.Metadata 上傳完成之前，中繼資料會傳送至伺服器。上傳完成之後，伺服器傳回的中繼資料。
task firebaseStorage.UploadTask 這是一項工作的快照，可用於「暫停」、「繼續」或「取消」工作。
ref firebaseStorage.Reference 這項工作的參照。

狀態的這些變更與 TaskSnapshot 的屬性相結合，可讓您以簡單而有力的方式監控上傳事件。

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytesResumable, getDownloadURL } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/rivers.jpg');

const uploadTask = uploadBytesResumable(storageRef, file);

// Register three observers:
// 1. 'state_changed' observer, called any time the state changes
// 2. Error observer, called on failure
// 3. Completion observer, called on successful completion
uploadTask.on('state_changed', 
  (snapshot) => {
    // Observe state change events such as progress, pause, and resume
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    const progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case 'paused':
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case 'running':
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // Handle unsuccessful uploads
  }, 
  () => {
    // Handle successful uploads on complete
    // For instance, get the download URL: https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/...
    getDownloadURL(uploadTask.snapshot.ref).then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);
storage_monitor_upload.js

網路命名空間 API

var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/rivers.jpg').put(file);

// Register three observers:
// 1. 'state_changed' observer, called any time the state changes
// 2. Error observer, called on failure
// 3. Completion observer, called on successful completion
uploadTask.on('state_changed', 
  (snapshot) => {
    // Observe state change events such as progress, pause, and resume
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    var progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.PAUSED: // or 'paused'
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.RUNNING: // or 'running'
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // Handle unsuccessful uploads
  }, 
  () => {
    // Handle successful uploads on complete
    // For instance, get the download URL: https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/...
    uploadTask.snapshot.ref.getDownloadURL().then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);
upload-files.js

處理錯誤

導致上傳發生錯誤的原因有很多，包括本機檔案不存在，或使用者沒有上傳所需檔案的權限。如要進一步瞭解錯誤，請參閱說明文件的「處理錯誤」一節。

完整範例

下列是含有進度監控和錯誤處理的上傳的完整範例：

網頁模組 API

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytesResumable, getDownloadURL } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();

// Create the file metadata
/** @type {any} */
const metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg'
};

// Upload file and metadata to the object 'images/mountains.jpg'
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/' + file.name);
const uploadTask = uploadBytesResumable(storageRef, file, metadata);

// Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload.
uploadTask.on('state_changed',
  (snapshot) => {
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    const progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case 'paused':
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case 'running':
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // A full list of error codes is available at
    // https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/handle-errors
    switch (error.code) {
      case 'storage/unauthorized':
        // User doesn't have permission to access the object
        break;
      case 'storage/canceled':
        // User canceled the upload
        break;

      // ...

      case 'storage/unknown':
        // Unknown error occurred, inspect error.serverResponse
        break;
    }
  }, 
  () => {
    // Upload completed successfully, now we can get the download URL
    getDownloadURL(uploadTask.snapshot.ref).then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);
storage_upload_handle_error.js

網路命名空間 API

// Create the file metadata
var metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg'
};

// Upload file and metadata to the object 'images/mountains.jpg'
var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/' + file.name).put(file, metadata);

// Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload.
uploadTask.on(firebase.storage.TaskEvent.STATE_CHANGED, // or 'state_changed'
  (snapshot) => {
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    var progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.PAUSED: // or 'paused'
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.RUNNING: // or 'running'
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // A full list of error codes is available at
    // https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/handle-errors
    switch (error.code) {
      case 'storage/unauthorized':
        // User doesn't have permission to access the object
        break;
      case 'storage/canceled':
        // User canceled the upload
        break;

      // ...

      case 'storage/unknown':
        // Unknown error occurred, inspect error.serverResponse
        break;
    }
  }, 
  () => {
    // Upload completed successfully, now we can get the download URL
    uploadTask.snapshot.ref.getDownloadURL().then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);
upload-files.js

上傳檔案後，不妨進一步瞭解如何從 Cloud Storage 下載這些檔案。