Authenticate Using Twitter and C++

You can let your users authenticate with Firebase using their Twitter accounts by integrating Twitter authentication into your app.

Before you begin

Add Firebase to your C++ project.
In your project-level build.gradle file, make sure to include Google's Maven repository in both your buildscript and allprojects sections.
In the Firebase console, open the Auth section.
On the Sign in method tab, enable the Twitter provider.
Add the API key and API secret from that provider's developer console to the provider configuration:
1. Register your app as a developer application on Twitter and get your app's OAuth API key and API secret.
2. Make sure your Firebase OAuth redirect URI (e.g. my-app-12345.firebaseapp.com/__/auth/handler) is set as your Authorization callback URL in your app's settings page on your Twitter app's config.
Click Save.

Access the `firebase::auth::Auth` class

The Auth class is the gateway for all API calls.

Add the Auth and App header files:

#include "firebase/app.h"
#include "firebase/auth.h"

In your initialization code, create a firebase::App class.

#if defined(__ANDROID__)
  firebase::App* app =
      firebase::App::Create(firebase::AppOptions(), my_jni_env, my_activity);
#else
  firebase::App* app = firebase::App::Create(firebase::AppOptions());
#endif  // defined(__ANDROID__)

Acquire the firebase::auth::Auth class for your firebase::App. There is a one-to-one mapping between App and Auth.
```
firebase::auth::Auth* auth = firebase::auth::Auth::GetAuth(app);
```

Authenticate with Firebase

Follow the Sign in with Twitter documentation to get an OAuth access token and an OAuth secret.

After a user successfully signs in, exchange the token and secret for a Firebase credential, and authenticate with Firebase using the Firebase credential:

firebase::auth::Credential credential =
    firebase::auth::TwitterAuthProvider::GetCredential(token, secret);
firebase::Future<firebase::auth::User*> result =
    auth->SignInWithCredential(credential);

If your program has an update loop that runs regularly (say at 30 or 60 times per second), you can check the results once per update with Auth::SignInWithCredentialLastResult:

firebase::Future<firebase::auth::User*> result =
    auth->SignInWithCredentialLastResult();
if (result.status() == firebase::kFutureStatusComplete) {
  if (result.error() == firebase::auth::kAuthErrorNone) {
    firebase::auth::User* user = *result.result();
    printf("Sign in succeeded for `%s`\n", user->display_name().c_str());
  } else {
    printf("Sign in failed with error '%s'\n", result.error_message());
  }
}

Or, if your program is event driven, you may prefer to register a callback on the Future.

Register a callback on a Future

Some programs have Update functions that are called 30 or 60 times per second. For example, many games follow this model. These programs can call the LastResult functions to poll asynchronous calls. However, if your program is event driven, you may prefer to register callback functions. A callback function is called upon completion of the Future.

void OnCreateCallback(const firebase::Future<firebase::auth::User*>& result,
                      void* user_data) {
  // The callback is called when the Future enters the `complete` state.
  assert(result.status() == firebase::kFutureStatusComplete);

  // Use `user_data` to pass-in program context, if you like.
  MyProgramContext* program_context = static_cast<MyProgramContext*>(user_data);

  // Important to handle both success and failure situations.
  if (result.error() == firebase::auth::kAuthErrorNone) {
    firebase::auth::User* user = *result.result();
    printf("Create user succeeded for email %s\n", user->email().c_str());

    // Perform other actions on User, if you like.
    firebase::auth::User::UserProfile profile;
    profile.display_name = program_context->display_name;
    user->UpdateUserProfile(profile);

  } else {
    printf("Created user failed with error '%s'\n", result.error_message());
  }
}

void CreateUser(firebase::auth::Auth* auth) {
  // Callbacks work the same for any firebase::Future.
  firebase::Future<firebase::auth::User*> result =
      auth->CreateUserWithEmailAndPasswordLastResult();

  // `&my_program_context` is passed verbatim to OnCreateCallback().
  result.OnCompletion(OnCreateCallback, &my_program_context);
}

The callback function can also be a lambda, if you prefer.

void CreateUserUsingLambda(firebase::auth::Auth* auth) {
  // Callbacks work the same for any firebase::Future.
  firebase::Future<firebase::auth::User*> result =
      auth->CreateUserWithEmailAndPasswordLastResult();

  // The lambda has the same signature as the callback function.
  result.OnCompletion(
      [](const firebase::Future<firebase::auth::User*>& result,
         void* user_data) {
        // `user_data` is the same as &my_program_context, below.
        // Note that we can't capture this value in the [] because std::function
        // is not supported by our minimum compiler spec (which is pre C++11).
        MyProgramContext* program_context =
            static_cast<MyProgramContext*>(user_data);

        // Process create user result...
        (void)program_context;
      },
      &my_program_context);
}

Next steps

After a user signs in for the first time, a new user account is created and linked to the credentials—that is, the user name and password, phone number, or auth provider information—the user signed in with. This new account is stored as part of your Firebase project, and can be used to identify a user across every app in your project, regardless of how the user signs in.

In your apps, you can get the user's basic profile information from the firebase::auth::User object:

firebase::auth::User* user = auth->current_user();
if (user != nullptr) {
  std::string name = user->display_name();
  std::string email = user->email();
  std::string photo_url = user->photo_url();
  // The user's ID, unique to the Firebase project.
  // Do NOT use this value to authenticate with your backend server,
  // if you have one. Use firebase::auth::User::Token() instead.
  std::string uid = user->uid();
}

In your Firebase Realtime Database and Cloud Storage Security Rules, you can get the signed-in user's unique user ID from the auth variable, and use it to control what data a user can access.

You can allow users to sign in to your app using multiple authentication providers by linking auth provider credentials to an existing user account.

To sign out a user, call SignOut():

auth->SignOut();