יצירת חומר עזר של Cloud Storage בפלטפורמות של Apple
קל לארגן דפים בעזרת אוספים
אפשר לשמור ולסווג תוכן על סמך ההעדפות שלך.
הקבצים מאוחסנים בדלי Cloud Storage. הקבצים בדלי מוצגים במבנה היררכי, כמו במערכת הקבצים בכונן הקשיח המקומי או בנתונים ב-Firebase Realtime Database.
כשיוצרים קובץ עזר לקובץ, האפליקציה מקבלת גישה אליו. אחר כך אפשר להשתמש בהפניות האלה כדי להעלות או להוריד נתונים, לקבל או לעדכן מטא-נתונים או למחוק את הקובץ. ההפניה יכולה להצביע על קובץ ספציפי או על צומת ברמה גבוהה יותר בהיררכיה.
אם השתמשתם ב-Firebase Realtime Database, הנתיבים האלה אמורים להיות מוכרים לכם. עם זאת, נתוני הקובץ מאוחסנים ב-Cloud Storage, לא ב-Realtime Database.
יצירת קובץ עזר
ליצור הפניה להעלאה, להורדה או למחיקה של קובץ, או לקבל או לעדכן את המטא-נתונים שלו. אפשר לחשוב על הפניה כעל מצביע לקובץ בענן. ההפניות הן קלות משקל, כך שאפשר ליצור כמה שרוצים. אפשר גם להשתמש בהם שוב לכמה פעולות.
הפניות נוצרות באמצעות השירות FirebaseStorage וקריאה לשיטה reference שלו.
Swift
// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase Appletstorage=Storage.storage()// Create a storage reference from our storage serviceletstorageRef=storage.reference()
Objective-C
// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase AppFIRStorage*storage=[FIRStoragestorage];// Create a storage reference from our storage serviceFIRStorageReference*storageRef=[storagereference];
אפשר ליצור הפניה למיקום נמוך יותר בעץ, למשל 'images/space.jpg', באמצעות השיטה child בהפניה קיימת.
Swift
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"letimagesRef=storageRef.child("images")// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"varspaceRef=storageRef.child("images/space.jpg")// This is equivalent to creating the full referenceletstoragePath="\(your_firebase_storage_bucket)/images/space.jpg"spaceRef=storage.reference(forURL:storagePath)
Objective-C
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"FIRStorageReference*imagesRef=[storageRefchild:@"images"];// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"FIRStorageReference*spaceRef=[storageRefchild:@"images/space.jpg"];// This is equivalent to creating the full referencespaceRef=[storagereferenceForURL:@"gs://<your-firebase-storage-bucket>/images/space.jpg"];
ניווט באמצעות הפניות
אפשר גם להשתמש בשיטות parent ו-root כדי לנווט למעלה בהיררכיית הקבצים. parent מעביר אתכם רמה אחת למעלה, ו-root מעביר אתכם עד למעלה.
Swift
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference// imagesRef now points to 'images'letimagesRef=spaceRef.parent()// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootletrootRef=spaceRef.root()
Objective-C
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference// imagesRef now points to 'images'imagesRef=[spaceRefparent];// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootFIRStorageReference*rootRef=[spaceRefroot];
אפשר לשרשר את הפונקציות child, parent ו-root כמה פעמים, כי כל אחת מהן מחזירה הפניה. יוצא מכלל זה הוא parent של root, שהוא nil.
Swift
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to "images/earth.jpg"letearthRef=spaceRef.parent()?.child("earth.jpg")// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nilletnilRef=spaceRef.root().parent()
Objective-C
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to "images/earth.jpg"FIRStorageReference*earthRef=[[spaceRefparent]child:@"earth.jpg"];// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nilFIRStorageReference*nilRef=[[spaceRefroot]parent];
מאפייני קובץ העזר
אפשר לבדוק את ההפניות כדי להבין טוב יותר לאילו קבצים הן מפנות באמצעות המאפיינים fullPath, name ו-bucket. המאפיינים האלה מקבלים את הנתיב המלא, השם והבאקט של הקובץ.
Swift
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket
Objective-C
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath;// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name;// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket;
מגבלות על הפניות
נתיבים ושמות של הפניות יכולים להכיל כל רצף של תווי Unicode תקפים, אבל יש הגבלות מסוימות, כולל:
האורך הכולל של reference.fullPath צריך להיות בין 1 ל-1,024 בייטים בקידוד UTF-8.
אסור להשתמש בתו של חזרה לתחילת השורה או בתו של מעבר שורה.
// Points to the root referenceletstorageRef=Storage.storage().reference()// Points to "images"letimagesRef=storageRef.child("images")// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesletfileName="space.jpg"letspaceRef=imagesRef.child(fileName)// File path is "images/space.jpg"letpath=spaceRef.fullPath// File name is "space.jpg"letname=spaceRef.name// Points to "images"letimages=spaceRef.parent()
Objective-C
// Points to the root referenceFIRStorageReference*storageRef=[[FIRStoragestorage]reference];// Points to "images"FIRStorageReference*imagesRef=[storageRefchild:@"images"];// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesNSString*fileName=@"space.jpg";FIRStorageReference*spaceRef=[imagesRefchild:fileName];// File path is "images/space.jpg"NSString*path=spaceRef.fullPath;// File name is "space.jpg"NSString*name=spaceRef.name;// Points to "images"imagesRef=[spaceRefparent];
[[["התוכן קל להבנה","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["התוכן עזר לי לפתור בעיה","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["סיבה אחרת","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["חסרים לי מידע או פרטים","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["התוכן מורכב מדי או עם יותר מדי שלבים","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["התוכן לא עדכני","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["בעיה בתרגום","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["בעיה בדוגמאות/בקוד","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["סיבה אחרת","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["עדכון אחרון: 2025-09-03 (שעון UTC)."],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYour files are stored in a\n[Cloud Storage](//cloud.google.com/storage) bucket. The\nfiles in this bucket are presented in a hierarchical structure, just like the\nfile system on your local hard disk, or the data in the Firebase Realtime Database.\nBy creating a reference to a file, your app gains access to it. These references\ncan then be used to upload or download data, get or update metadata or delete\nthe file. A reference can either point to a specific file or to a higher level\nnode in the hierarchy.\n\nIf you've used the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database), these paths should\nseem very familiar to you. However, your file data is stored in\nCloud Storage, **not** in the Realtime Database.\n\nCreate a Reference\n\nCreate a reference to upload, download, or delete a file,\nor to get or update its metadata. A reference\ncan be thought of as a pointer to a file in the cloud. References are\nlightweight, so you can create as many as you need. They are also reusable for\nmultiple operations.\n\nReferences are created using the `FirebaseStorage` service and calling its\n`reference` method. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase App\nlet storage = Storage.storage()\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nlet storageRef = storage.reference()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase App\nFIRStorage *storage = [FIRStorage storage];\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nFIRStorageReference *storageRef = [storage reference];\n \n```\n\nYou can create a reference to a location lower in the tree,\nsay `'images/space.jpg'`, by using the `child` method on an existing reference. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nlet imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nvar spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\")\n\n// This is equivalent to creating the full reference\nlet storagePath = \"\\(your_firebase_storage_bucket)/images/space.jpg\"\nspaceRef = storage.reference(forURL: storagePath)\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *imagesRef = [storageRef child:@\"images\"];\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *spaceRef = [storageRef child:@\"images/space.jpg\"];\n\n// This is equivalent to creating the full reference\nspaceRef = [storage referenceForURL:@\"gs://\u003cyour-firebase-storage-bucket\u003e/images/space.jpg\"];\n \n```\n\nNavigate with References\n\nYou can also use the `parent` and `root` methods to navigate up in our\nfile hierarchy. `parent` navigates up one level,\nwhile `root` navigates all the way to the top. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nlet imagesRef = spaceRef.parent()\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nlet rootRef = spaceRef.root()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = [spaceRef parent];\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nFIRStorageReference *rootRef = [spaceRef root];\n \n```\n\n`child`, `parent`, and `root` can be chained together multiple times, as\neach returns a reference. The exception is the `parent` of `root`, which\nis `nil`. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to \"images/earth.jpg\"\nlet earthRef = spaceRef.parent()?.child(\"earth.jpg\")\n\n// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nil\nlet nilRef = spaceRef.root().parent()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to \"images/earth.jpg\"\nFIRStorageReference *earthRef = [[spaceRef parent] child:@\"earth.jpg\"];\n\n// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nil\nFIRStorageReference *nilRef = [[spaceRef root] parent];\n \n```\n\nReference Properties\n\nYou can inspect references to better understand the files they point to\nusing the `fullPath`, `name`, and `bucket` properties. These properties\nget the file's full path, name, and bucket. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name;\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket;\n \n```\n\nLimitations on References\n\nReference paths and names can contain any sequence of valid Unicode characters,\nbut certain restrictions are imposed including:\n\n1. Total length of reference.fullPath must be between 1 and 1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.\n2. No Carriage Return or Line Feed characters.\n3. Avoid using `#`, `[`, `]`, `*`, or `?`, as these do not work well with other tools such as the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database) or [gsutil](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil).\n\nFull Example \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Points to the root reference\nlet storageRef = Storage.storage().reference()\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nlet imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nlet fileName = \"space.jpg\"\nlet spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nlet path = spaceRef.fullPath\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nlet name = spaceRef.name\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nlet images = spaceRef.parent()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Points to the root reference\nFIRStorageReference *storageRef = [[FIRStorage storage] reference];\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *imagesRef = [storageRef child:@\"images\"];\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nNSString *fileName = @\"space.jpg\";\nFIRStorageReference *spaceRef = [imagesRef child:fileName];\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nNSString *path = spaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nNSString *name = spaceRef.name;\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = [spaceRef parent];\n \n```\n\nNext, let's learn how to\n[upload files](/docs/storage/ios/upload-files) to\nCloud Storage."]]