Tambahkan otentikasi multi-faktor ke aplikasi Android Anda

Jika Anda telah mengupgrade ke Firebase Authentication dengan Identity Platform, Anda dapat menambahkan autentikasi multi-faktor SMS ke aplikasi Android Anda.

Otentikasi multi-faktor meningkatkan keamanan aplikasi Anda. Sementara penyerang sering mengkompromikan kata sandi dan akun sosial, penyadapan pesan teks lebih sulit.

Sebelum kamu memulai

1. Aktifkan setidaknya satu penyedia yang mendukung autentikasi multi-faktor. Setiap penyedia mendukung MFA, kecuali autentikasi telepon, autentikasi anonim, dan Apple Game Center.

2. Pastikan aplikasi Anda memverifikasi email pengguna. MFA memerlukan verifikasi email. Ini mencegah pelaku jahat mendaftar ke layanan dengan email yang tidak mereka miliki, dan kemudian mengunci pemilik sebenarnya dengan menambahkan faktor kedua.

3. Daftarkan hash SHA-1 aplikasi Anda di Firebase Console (perubahan Anda akan secara otomatis dibawa ke Google Cloud Firebase).

   1. Ikuti langkah-langkah dalam Mengautentikasi klien Anda untuk mendapatkan hash SHA-1 aplikasi Anda.

   2. Buka Konsol Firebase .

   3. Arahkan ke Pengaturan Proyek .

   4. Di bawah Aplikasi Anda , klik ikon Android.

   5. Ikuti langkah-langkah terpandu untuk menambahkan hash SHA-1 Anda.

Mengaktifkan otentikasi multi-faktor

1. Buka halaman Authentication > Sign-in method dari Firebase console.

2. Di bagian Lanjutan , aktifkan Otentikasi Multi-faktor SMS .

   Anda juga harus memasukkan nomor telepon yang akan digunakan untuk menguji aplikasi Anda. Meskipun opsional, mendaftarkan nomor telepon uji sangat disarankan untuk menghindari pembatasan selama pengembangan.

3. Jika Anda belum mengotorisasi domain aplikasi, tambahkan domain tersebut ke daftar yang diizinkan di halaman Authentication > Settings di Firebase console.

Memilih pola pendaftaran

Anda dapat memilih apakah aplikasi Anda memerlukan autentikasi multi-faktor, serta bagaimana dan kapan mendaftarkan pengguna Anda. Beberapa pola umum meliputi:

• Daftarkan faktor kedua pengguna sebagai bagian dari pendaftaran. Gunakan metode ini jika aplikasi Anda memerlukan autentikasi multi-faktor untuk semua pengguna.

• Tawarkan opsi yang dapat dilewati untuk mendaftarkan faktor kedua selama pendaftaran. Aplikasi yang ingin mendorong, tetapi tidak memerlukan, autentikasi multi-faktor mungkin lebih menyukai pendekatan ini.

• Memberikan kemampuan untuk menambahkan faktor kedua dari akun pengguna atau halaman pengelolaan profil, bukan dari layar pendaftaran. Ini meminimalkan gesekan selama proses pendaftaran, sambil tetap membuat otentikasi multi-faktor tersedia untuk pengguna yang sensitif terhadap keamanan.

• Memerlukan penambahan faktor kedua secara bertahap saat pengguna ingin mengakses fitur dengan persyaratan keamanan yang ditingkatkan.

Mendaftarkan faktor kedua

Untuk mendaftarkan faktor sekunder baru bagi pengguna:

1. Otentikasi ulang pengguna.

2. Minta pengguna memasukkan nomor telepon mereka.

3. Dapatkan sesi multi-faktor untuk pengguna:

   Kotlin+KTX

   user.multiFactor.session.addOnCompleteListener { task ->
       if (task.isSuccessful) {
           val multiFactorSession: MultiFactorSession? = task.result
       }
   }
   

   Java

   user.getMultiFactor().getSession()
     .addOnCompleteListener(
         new OnCompleteListener<MultiFactorSession>() {
         @Override
         public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<MultiFactorSession> task) {
           if (task.isSuccessful()) {
             MultiFactorSession multiFactorSession = task.getResult();
           }
         }
         });
   

4. Bangun objek OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks untuk menangani berbagai peristiwa dalam proses verifikasi:

   Kotlin+KTX

   val callbacks = object : OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks() {
       override fun onVerificationCompleted(credential: PhoneAuthCredential) {
           // This callback will be invoked in two situations:
           // 1) Instant verification. In some cases, the phone number can be
           //    instantly verified without needing to send or enter a verification
           //    code. You can disable this feature by calling
           //    PhoneAuthOptions.builder#requireSmsValidation(true) when building
           //    the options to pass to PhoneAuthProvider#verifyPhoneNumber().
           // 2) Auto-retrieval. On some devices, Google Play services can
           //    automatically detect the incoming verification SMS and perform
           //    verification without user action.
           this@MainActivity.credential = credential
       }
   
       override fun onVerificationFailed(e: FirebaseException) {
           // This callback is invoked in response to invalid requests for
           // verification, like an incorrect phone number.
           if (e is FirebaseAuthInvalidCredentialsException) {
               // Invalid request
               // ...
           } else if (e is FirebaseTooManyRequestsException) {
               // The SMS quota for the project has been exceeded
               // ...
           }
           // Show a message and update the UI
           // ...
       }
   
       override fun onCodeSent(
           verificationId: String, forceResendingToken: ForceResendingToken
       ) {
           // The SMS verification code has been sent to the provided phone number.
           // We now need to ask the user to enter the code and then construct a
           // credential by combining the code with a verification ID.
           // Save the verification ID and resending token for later use.
           this@MainActivity.verificationId = verificationId
           this@MainActivity.forceResendingToken = forceResendingToken
           // ...
       }
   }
   

   Java

   OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks callbacks =
   new OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks() {
     @Override
     public void onVerificationCompleted(PhoneAuthCredential credential) {
       // This callback will be invoked in two situations:
       // 1) Instant verification. In some cases, the phone number can be
       //    instantly verified without needing to send or enter a verification
       //    code. You can disable this feature by calling
       //    PhoneAuthOptions.builder#requireSmsValidation(true) when building
       //    the options to pass to PhoneAuthProvider#verifyPhoneNumber().
       // 2) Auto-retrieval. On some devices, Google Play services can
       //    automatically detect the incoming verification SMS and perform
       //    verification without user action.
       this.credential = credential;
     }
     @Override
     public void onVerificationFailed(FirebaseException e) {
       // This callback is invoked in response to invalid requests for
       // verification, like an incorrect phone number.
       if (e instanceof FirebaseAuthInvalidCredentialsException) {
       // Invalid request
       // ...
       } else if (e instanceof FirebaseTooManyRequestsException) {
       // The SMS quota for the project has been exceeded
       // ...
       }
       // Show a message and update the UI
       // ...
     }
     @Override
     public void onCodeSent(
       String verificationId, PhoneAuthProvider.ForceResendingToken token) {
       // The SMS verification code has been sent to the provided phone number.
       // We now need to ask the user to enter the code and then construct a
       // credential by combining the code with a verification ID.
       // Save the verification ID and resending token for later use.
       this.verificationId = verificationId;
       this.forceResendingToken = token;
       // ...
     }
   };
   

5. Inisialisasi objek PhoneInfoOptions dengan nomor telepon pengguna, sesi multi-faktor, dan panggilan balik Anda:

   Kotlin+KTX

   val phoneAuthOptions = PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
       .setPhoneNumber(phoneNumber)
       .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
       .setMultiFactorSession(MultiFactorSession)
       .setCallbacks(callbacks)
       .build()
   

   Java

   PhoneAuthOptions phoneAuthOptions =
     PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
         .setPhoneNumber(phoneNumber)
         .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
         .setMultiFactorSession(multiFactorSession)
         .setCallbacks(callbacks)
         .build();
   

   Secara default, verifikasi instan diaktifkan. Untuk menonaktifkannya, tambahkan panggilan ke requireSmsValidation(true) .

6. Kirim pesan verifikasi ke ponsel pengguna:

   Kotlin+KTX

   PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(phoneAuthOptions)
   

   Java

   PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(phoneAuthOptions);
   

   Meskipun tidak diwajibkan, merupakan praktik terbaik untuk memberi tahu pengguna sebelumnya bahwa mereka akan menerima pesan SMS, dan tarif standar berlaku.

7. Setelah kode SMS dikirim, minta pengguna untuk memverifikasi kode:

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Ask user for the verification code.
   val credential = PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode)
   

   Java

   // Ask user for the verification code.
   PhoneAuthCredential credential
     = PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode);
   

8. Inisialisasi objek MultiFactorAssertion dengan PhoneAuthCredential :

   Kotlin+KTX

   val multiFactorAssertion
     = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential)
   

   Java

   MultiFactorAssertion multiFactorAssertion
     = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential);
   

9. Lengkapi pendaftaran. Secara opsional, Anda dapat menentukan nama tampilan untuk faktor kedua. Ini berguna untuk pengguna dengan beberapa faktor detik, karena nomor telepon disembunyikan selama alur autentikasi (misalnya, +1******1234).

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Complete enrollment. This will update the underlying tokens
   // and trigger ID token change listener.
   FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
       .currentUser
       ?.multiFactor
       ?.enroll(multiFactorAssertion, "My personal phone number")
       ?.addOnCompleteListener {
           // ...
       }
   

   Java

   // Complete enrollment. This will update the underlying tokens
   // and trigger ID token change listener.
   FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
     .getCurrentUser()
     .getMultiFactor()
     .enroll(multiFactorAssertion, "My personal phone number")
     .addOnCompleteListener(
         new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
         @Override
         public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) {
           // ...
         }
         });
   

Kode di bawah ini menunjukkan contoh lengkap mendaftarkan faktor kedua:

val multiFactorAssertion = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential)
user.multiFactor.session
    .addOnCompleteListener { task ->
        if (task.isSuccessful) {
            val multiFactorSession = task.result
            val phoneAuthOptions = PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
                .setPhoneNumber(phoneNumber)
                .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .setMultiFactorSession(multiFactorSession)
                .setCallbacks(callbacks)
                .build()
            // Send SMS verification code.
            PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(phoneAuthOptions)
        }
    }

// Ask user for the verification code.
val credential = PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode)

val multiFactorAssertion = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential)

// Complete enrollment.
FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
    .currentUser
    ?.multiFactor
    ?.enroll(multiFactorAssertion, "My personal phone number")
    ?.addOnCompleteListener {
        // ...
    }

MultiFactorAssertion multiFactorAssertion = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential);
user.getMultiFactor().getSession()
  .addOnCompleteListener(
      new OnCompleteListener<MultiFactorSession>() {
      @Override
      public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<MultiFactorSession> task) {
        if (task.isSuccessful()) {
          MultiFactorSession multiFactorSession = task.getResult();
          PhoneAuthOptions phoneAuthOptions =
            PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
                .setPhoneNumber(phoneNumber)
                .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .setMultiFactorSession(multiFactorSession)
                .setCallbacks(callbacks)
                .build();
          // Send SMS verification code.
          PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(phoneAuthOptions);
        }
      }
      });

// Ask user for the verification code.
PhoneAuthCredential credential =
  PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode);

MultiFactorAssertion multiFactorAssertion = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential);
// Complete enrollment.
FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
  .getCurrentUser()
  .getMultiFactor()
  .enroll(multiFactorAssertion, "My personal phone number")
  .addOnCompleteListener(
      new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
      @Override
      public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) {
        // ...
      }
      });

Selamat! Anda berhasil mendaftarkan faktor otentikasi kedua untuk pengguna.

Membuat pengguna masuk dengan faktor kedua

Untuk memasukkan pengguna dengan verifikasi SMS dua faktor:

1. Buat pengguna masuk dengan faktor pertamanya, lalu tangkap pengecualian FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException . Galat ini berisi resolver, yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk mendapatkan faktor kedua yang didaftarkan pengguna. Ini juga berisi sesi dasar yang membuktikan pengguna berhasil diautentikasi dengan faktor pertama mereka.

   Misalnya, jika faktor pertama pengguna adalah email dan kata sandi:

   Kotlin+KTX

   FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
       .signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password)
       .addOnCompleteListener(
           OnCompleteListener { task ->
               if (task.isSuccessful) {
                   // User is not enrolled with a second factor and is successfully
                   // signed in.
                   // ...
                   return@OnCompleteListener
               }
               if (task.exception is FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException) {
                   // The user is a multi-factor user. Second factor challenge is
                   // required.
                   val multiFactorResolver =
                       (task.exception as FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException).resolver
                   // ...
               } else {
                   // Handle other errors, such as wrong password.
               }
           })
   

   Java

   FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
     .signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password)
     .addOnCompleteListener(
         new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() {
         @Override
         public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) {
           if (task.isSuccessful()) {
             // User is not enrolled with a second factor and is successfully
             // signed in.
             // ...
             return;
           }
           if (task.getException() instanceof FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException) {
             // The user is a multi-factor user. Second factor challenge is
             // required.
             MultiFactorResolver multiFactorResolver = task.getException().getResolver();
             // ...
           } else {
             // Handle other errors such as wrong password.
           }
         }
         });
   

   Jika faktor pertama pengguna adalah penyedia federasi, seperti OAuth, tangkap kesalahannya setelah memanggil startActivityForSignInWithProvider() .

2. Jika pengguna memiliki beberapa faktor sekunder yang terdaftar, tanyakan yang mana yang akan digunakan:

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Ask user which second factor to use.
   // You can get the list of enrolled second factors using
   //   multiFactorResolver.hints
   
   // Check the selected factor:
   if (multiFactorResolver.hints[selectedIndex].factorId
       === PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.FACTOR_ID
   ) {
       // User selected a phone second factor.
       val selectedHint = 
           multiFactorResolver.hints[selectedIndex] as PhoneMultiFactorInfo
   } else {
       // Unsupported second factor.
       // Note that only phone second factors are currently supported.
   }
   

   Java

   // Ask user which second factor to use.
   // You can get the masked phone number using
   // resolver.getHints().get(selectedIndex).getPhoneNumber()
   // You can get the display name using
   // resolver.getHints().get(selectedIndex).getDisplayName()
   if (resolver.getHints().get(selectedIndex).getFactorId()
     == PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.FACTOR_ID) {
   // User selected a phone second factor.
   MultiFactorInfo selectedHint =
     multiFactorResolver.getHints().get(selectedIndex);
   } else {
   // Unsupported second factor.
   // Note that only phone second factors are currently supported.
   }
   

3. Inisialisasi objek PhoneAuthOptions dengan petunjuk dan sesi multi-faktor. Nilai-nilai ini terkandung dalam resolver yang dilampirkan ke FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException .

   Kotlin+KTX

   val phoneAuthOptions = PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
       .setMultiFactorHint(selectedHint)
       .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
       .setMultiFactorSession(multiFactorResolver.session)
       .setCallbacks(callbacks) // Optionally disable instant verification.
       // .requireSmsValidation(true)
       .build()
   

   Java

   PhoneAuthOptions phoneAuthOptions =
     PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
         .setMultiFactorHint(selectedHint)
         .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
         .setMultiFactorSession(multiFactorResolver.getSession())
         .setCallbacks(callbacks)
         // Optionally disable instant verification.
         // .requireSmsValidation(true)
         .build();
   

4. Kirim pesan verifikasi ke ponsel pengguna:

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Send SMS verification code
   PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(phoneAuthOptions)
   

   Java

   // Send SMS verification code
   PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(phoneAuthOptions);
   

5. Setelah kode SMS dikirim, minta pengguna untuk memverifikasi kode:

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Ask user for the verification code. Then, pass it to getCredential:
   val credential =
       PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode)
   

   Java

   // Ask user for the verification code. Then, pass it to getCredential:
   PhoneAuthCredential credential
       = PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode);
   

6. Inisialisasi objek MultiFactorAssertion dengan PhoneAuthCredential :

   Kotlin+KTX

   val multiFactorAssertion = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential)
   

   Java

   MultiFactorAssertion multiFactorAssertion
       = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential);
   

7. Panggil resolver.resolveSignIn() untuk menyelesaikan autentikasi sekunder. Anda kemudian dapat mengakses hasil masuk asli, yang menyertakan kredensial autentikasi dan data khusus penyedia standar:

   Kotlin+KTX

   multiFactorResolver
       .resolveSignIn(multiFactorAssertion)
       .addOnCompleteListener { task ->
           if (task.isSuccessful) {
               val authResult = task.result
               // AuthResult will also contain the user, additionalUserInfo,
               // and an optional credential (null for email/password)
               // associated with the first factor sign-in.
   
               // For example, if the user signed in with Google as a first
               // factor, authResult.getAdditionalUserInfo() will contain data
               // related to Google provider that the user signed in with;
               // authResult.getCredential() will contain the Google OAuth
               //   credential;
               // authResult.getCredential().getAccessToken() will contain the
               //   Google OAuth access token;
               // authResult.getCredential().getIdToken() contains the Google
               //   OAuth ID token.
           }
       }
   

   Java

   multiFactorResolver
     .resolveSignIn(multiFactorAssertion)
     .addOnCompleteListener(
         new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() {
         @Override
         public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) {
           if (task.isSuccessful()) {
             AuthResult authResult = task.getResult();
             // AuthResult will also contain the user, additionalUserInfo,
             // and an optional credential (null for email/password)
             // associated with the first factor sign-in.
             // For example, if the user signed in with Google as a first
             // factor, authResult.getAdditionalUserInfo() will contain data
             // related to Google provider that the user signed in with.
             // authResult.getCredential() will contain the Google OAuth
             // credential.
             // authResult.getCredential().getAccessToken() will contain the
             // Google OAuth access token.
             // authResult.getCredential().getIdToken() contains the Google
             // OAuth ID token.
           }
         }
         });
   

Kode di bawah ini menunjukkan contoh lengkap masuk ke pengguna multi-faktor:

FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
    .signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password)
    .addOnCompleteListener { task ->
        if (task.isSuccessful) {
            // User is not enrolled with a second factor and is successfully
            // signed in.
            // ...
            return@addOnCompleteListener
        }
        if (task.exception is FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException) {
            val multiFactorResolver =
                (task.exception as FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException).resolver

            // Ask user which second factor to use. Then, get
            // the selected hint:
            val selectedHint =
                multiFactorResolver.hints[selectedIndex] as PhoneMultiFactorInfo

            // Send the SMS verification code.
            PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(
                PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
                    .setActivity(this)
                    .setMultiFactorSession(multiFactorResolver.session)
                    .setMultiFactorHint(selectedHint)
                    .setCallbacks(generateCallbacks())
                    .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                    .build()
            )

            // Ask user for the SMS verification code, then use it to get
            // a PhoneAuthCredential:
            val credential =
                PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode)

            // Initialize a MultiFactorAssertion object with the
            // PhoneAuthCredential.
            val multiFactorAssertion: MultiFactorAssertion =
                PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential)

            // Complete sign-in.
            multiFactorResolver
                .resolveSignIn(multiFactorAssertion)
                .addOnCompleteListener { task ->
                    if (task.isSuccessful) {
                        // User successfully signed in with the
                        // second factor phone number.
                    }
                    // ...
                }
        } else {
            // Handle other errors such as wrong password.
        }
    }

FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
  .signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password)
  .addOnCompleteListener(
      new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() {
      @Override
      public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) {
        if (task.isSuccessful()) {
          // User is not enrolled with a second factor and is successfully
          // signed in.
          // ...
          return;
        }
        if (task.getException() instanceof FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException) {
          FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException e =
            (FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException) task.getException();

          MultiFactorResolver multiFactorResolver = e.getResolver();

          // Ask user which second factor to use.
          MultiFactorInfo selectedHint =
            multiFactorResolver.getHints().get(selectedIndex);

          // Send the SMS verification code.
          PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(
            PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder()
                .setActivity(this)
                .setMultiFactorSession(multiFactorResolver.getSession())
                .setMultiFactorHint(selectedHint)
                .setCallbacks(generateCallbacks())
                .setTimeout(30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .build());

          // Ask user for the SMS verification code.
          PhoneAuthCredential credential =
            PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, verificationCode);

          // Initialize a MultiFactorAssertion object with the
          // PhoneAuthCredential.
          MultiFactorAssertion multiFactorAssertion =
            PhoneMultiFactorGenerator.getAssertion(credential);

          // Complete sign-in.
          multiFactorResolver
            .resolveSignIn(multiFactorAssertion)
            .addOnCompleteListener(
                new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() {
                  @Override
                  public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) {
                  if (task.isSuccessful()) {
                    // User successfully signed in with the
                    // second factor phone number.
                  }
                  // ...
                  }
                });
        } else {
          // Handle other errors such as wrong password.
        }
      }
      });

Selamat! Anda berhasil masuk sebagai pengguna menggunakan autentikasi multi-faktor.

Apa berikutnya

• Kelola pengguna multifaktor secara terprogram dengan Admin SDK.