Cloud Firestore 資料包是您從 Cloud Firestore 文件和查詢快照建立的靜態資料檔案，並在 CDN、代管服務或其他解決方案中發布。資料套件包含您要提供給用戶端應用程式的文件，以及產生這些文件的查詢相關中繼資料。您可以使用用戶端 SDK 透過網路或從本機儲存空間下載套件，然後將套件資料載入 Cloud Firestore 本機快取。載入套件後，用戶端應用程式就能從本機快取或後端查詢文件。
有了資料套件，應用程式就能在啟動時提供文件，而無需呼叫 Cloud Firestore 後端，因此可更快載入常見查詢的結果。如果結果是從本機快取載入，您還能享有降低存取成本的好處。您只需為將這 100 份文件彙整在一起所需的查詢付費，而非為一百萬個應用程式執行個體付費，以便查詢相同的初始 100 份文件。
Cloud Firestore 資料套件可與其他 Firebase 後端產品搭配使用。請查看整合式解決方案，其中包含由 Cloud Functions 建構的套件，並透過 Firebase Hosting 提供給使用者。
在應用程式中使用套件需要完成三個步驟：
- 使用 Admin SDK 建構套件
- 從本機儲存空間或 CDN 提供套件
- 在用戶端載入套件
什麼是資料組合？
資料組合是您建立的靜態二進位檔案，用於封裝一或多個文件和/或查詢快照，並從中擷取命名查詢。如同我們在下文中所述，伺服器端 SDK 可讓您建構套件，而用戶端 SDK 則提供方法，讓您將套件載入至本機快取。
命名查詢是套裝組合中特別強大的功能。命名查詢是可從套件擷取的 Query 物件，您可以立即使用這些物件，從快取或後端查詢資料，就像在與 Cloud Firestore 通訊的應用程式任何部分一樣。
在伺服器上建構資料組合
使用 Node.js 或 Java Admin SDK 時，您可以完全控制套件中包含的內容，以及如何放送這些內容。
Node.js
var bundleId = "latest-stories";
var bundle = firestore.bundle(bundleId);
var docSnapshot = await firestore.doc('stories/stories').get();
var querySnapshot = await firestore.collection('stories').get();
// Build the bundle
// Note how querySnapshot is named "latest-stories-query"
var bundleBuffer = bundle.add(docSnapshot); // Add a document
.add('latest-stories-query', querySnapshot) // Add a named query.
.build()
Java
Firestore db = FirestoreClient.getFirestore(app);
// Query the 50 latest stories
QuerySnapshot latestStories = db.collection("stories")
.orderBy("timestamp", Direction.DESCENDING)
.limit(50)
.get()
.get();
// Build the bundle from the query results
FirestoreBundle bundle = db.bundleBuilder("latest-stories")
.add("latest-stories-query", latestStories)
.build();
Python
from google.cloud import firestore
from google.cloud.firestore_bundle import FirestoreBundle
db = firestore.Client()
bundle = FirestoreBundle("latest-stories")
doc_snapshot = db.collection("stories").document("news-item").get()
query = db.collection("stories")._query()
# Build the bundle
# Note how `query` is named "latest-stories-query"
bundle_buffer: str = bundle.add_document(doc_snapshot).add_named_query(
"latest-stories-query", query,
).build()
提供資料組合
您可以透過 CDN 為用戶端應用程式提供套件，也可以從 Cloud Storage 等網站下載套件。
假設先前建立的套件已儲存至名為 bundle.txt 的檔案，並發布至伺服器。這個套件檔案就像您可透過網路提供的其他資產，如這裡所示的簡易 Node.js Express 應用程式。
const fs = require('fs');
const server = require('http').createServer();
server.on('request', (req, res) => {
const src = fs.createReadStream('./bundle.txt');
src.pipe(res);
});
server.listen(8000);
在用戶端載入資料組合
您可以透過發出 HTTP 要求、呼叫儲存空間 API 或使用其他方法，從遠端伺服器擷取 Firestore 套件，以便在網路上擷取二進位檔案。
擷取完成後，應用程式會使用 Cloud Firestore 用戶端 SDK 呼叫 loadBundle 方法，該方法會傳回工作追蹤物件，您可以監控該物件的完成情形，就像監控 Promise 的狀態一樣。組合載入工作順利完成後，組合內容會顯示在本機快取中。
Web
import { loadBundle, namedQuery, getDocsFromCache } from "firebase/firestore";
async function fetchFromBundle() {
// Fetch the bundle from Firebase Hosting, if the CDN cache is hit the 'X-Cache'
// response header will be set to 'HIT'
const resp = await fetch('/createBundle');
// Load the bundle contents into the Firestore SDK
await loadBundle(db, resp.body);
// Query the results from the cache
const query = await namedQuery(db, 'latest-stories-query');
const storiesSnap = await getDocsFromCache(query);
// Use the results
// ...
}
Web
// If you are using module bundlers.
import firebase from "firebase/app";
import "firebase/firestore";
import "firebase/firestore/bundle"; // This line enables bundle loading as a side effect.
// ...
async function fetchFromBundle() {
// Fetch the bundle from Firebase Hosting, if the CDN cache is hit the 'X-Cache'
// response header will be set to 'HIT'
const resp = await fetch('/createBundle');
// Load the bundle contents into the Firestore SDK
await db.loadBundle(resp.body);
// Query the results from the cache
// Note: omitting "source: cache" will query the Firestore backend.
const query = await db.namedQuery('latest-stories-query');
const storiesSnap = await query.get({ source: 'cache' });
// Use the results
// ...
}
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
// Utility function for errors when loading bundles.
func bundleLoadError(reason: String) -> NSError {
return NSError(domain: "FIRSampleErrorDomain",
code: 0,
userInfo: [NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey: reason])
}
func fetchRemoteBundle(for firestore: Firestore,
from url: URL) async throws -> LoadBundleTaskProgress {
guard let inputStream = InputStream(url: url) else {
let error = self.bundleLoadError(reason: "Unable to create stream from the given url: \(url)")
throw error
}
return try await firestore.loadBundle(inputStream)
}
// Fetches a specific named query from the provided bundle.
func loadQuery(named queryName: String,
fromRemoteBundle bundleURL: URL,
with store: Firestore) async throws -> Query {
let _ = try await fetchRemoteBundle(for: store, from: bundleURL)
if let query = await store.getQuery(named: queryName) {
return query
} else {
throw bundleLoadError(reason: "Could not find query named \(queryName)")
}
}
// Load a query and fetch its results from a bundle.
func runStoriesQuery() async {
let queryName = "latest-stories-query"
let firestore = Firestore.firestore()
let remoteBundle = URL(string: "https://example.com/createBundle")!
do {
let query = try await loadQuery(named: queryName,
fromRemoteBundle: remoteBundle,
with: firestore)
let snapshot = try await query.getDocuments()
print(snapshot)
// handle query results
} catch {
print(error)
}
}
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
// Utility function for errors when loading bundles.
- (NSError *)bundleLoadErrorWithReason:(NSString *)reason {
return [NSError errorWithDomain:@"FIRSampleErrorDomain"
code:0
userInfo:@{NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey: reason}];
}
// Loads a remote bundle from the provided url.
- (void)fetchRemoteBundleForFirestore:(FIRFirestore *)firestore
fromURL:(NSURL *)url
completion:(void (^)(FIRLoadBundleTaskProgress *_Nullable,
NSError *_Nullable))completion {
NSInputStream *inputStream = [NSInputStream inputStreamWithURL:url];
if (inputStream == nil) {
// Unable to create input stream.
NSError *error =
[self bundleLoadErrorWithReason:
[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Unable to create stream from the given url: %@", url]];
completion(nil, error);
return;
}
[firestore loadBundleStream:inputStream
completion:^(FIRLoadBundleTaskProgress * _Nullable progress,
NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (progress == nil) {
completion(nil, error);
return;
}
if (progress.state == FIRLoadBundleTaskStateSuccess) {
completion(progress, nil);
} else {
NSError *concreteError =
[self bundleLoadErrorWithReason:
[NSString stringWithFormat:
@"Expected bundle load to be completed, but got %ld instead",
(long)progress.state]];
completion(nil, concreteError);
}
completion(nil, nil);
}];
}
// Loads a bundled query.
- (void)loadQueryNamed:(NSString *)queryName
fromRemoteBundleURL:(NSURL *)url
withFirestore:(FIRFirestore *)firestore
completion:(void (^)(FIRQuery *_Nullable, NSError *_Nullable))completion {
[self fetchRemoteBundleForFirestore:firestore
fromURL:url
completion:^(FIRLoadBundleTaskProgress *progress, NSError *error) {
if (error != nil) {
completion(nil, error);
return;
}
[firestore getQueryNamed:queryName completion:^(FIRQuery *query) {
if (query == nil) {
NSString *errorReason =
[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Could not find query named %@", queryName];
NSError *error = [self bundleLoadErrorWithReason:errorReason];
completion(nil, error);
return;
}
completion(query, nil);
}];
}];
}
- (void)runStoriesQuery {
NSString *queryName = @"latest-stories-query";
FIRFirestore *firestore = [FIRFirestore firestore];
NSURL *bundleURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://example.com/createBundle"];
[self loadQueryNamed:queryName
fromRemoteBundleURL:bundleURL
withFirestore:firestore
completion:^(FIRQuery *query, NSError *error) {
// Handle query results
}];
}
Kotlin+KTX
@Throws(IOException::class)
fun getBundleStream(urlString: String?): InputStream {
val url = URL(urlString)
val connection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
return connection.inputStream
}
@Throws(IOException::class)
fun fetchFromBundle() {
val bundleStream = getBundleStream("https://example.com/createBundle")
val loadTask = db.loadBundle(bundleStream)
// Chain the following tasks
// 1) Load the bundle
// 2) Get the named query from the local cache
// 3) Execute a get() on the named query
loadTask.continueWithTask<Query> { task ->
// Close the stream
bundleStream.close()
// Calling .result propagates errors
val progress = task.getResult(Exception::class.java)
// Get the named query from the bundle cache
db.getNamedQuery("latest-stories-query")
}.continueWithTask { task ->
val query = task.getResult(Exception::class.java)!!
// get() the query results from the cache
query.get(Source.CACHE)
}.addOnCompleteListener { task ->
if (!task.isSuccessful) {
Log.w(TAG, "Bundle loading failed", task.exception)
return@addOnCompleteListener
}
// Get the QuerySnapshot from the bundle
val storiesSnap = task.result
// Use the results
// ...
}
}
Java
public InputStream getBundleStream(String urlString) throws IOException {
URL url = new URL(urlString);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
return connection.getInputStream();
}
public void fetchBundleFrom() throws IOException {
final InputStream bundleStream = getBundleStream("https://example.com/createBundle");
LoadBundleTask loadTask = db.loadBundle(bundleStream);
// Chain the following tasks
// 1) Load the bundle
// 2) Get the named query from the local cache
// 3) Execute a get() on the named query
loadTask.continueWithTask(new Continuation<LoadBundleTaskProgress, Task<Query>>() {
@Override
public Task<Query> then(@NonNull Task<LoadBundleTaskProgress> task) throws Exception {
// Close the stream
bundleStream.close();
// Calling getResult() propagates errors
LoadBundleTaskProgress progress = task.getResult(Exception.class);
// Get the named query from the bundle cache
return db.getNamedQuery("latest-stories-query");
}
}).continueWithTask(new Continuation<Query, Task<QuerySnapshot>>() {
@Override
public Task<QuerySnapshot> then(@NonNull Task<Query> task) throws Exception {
Query query = task.getResult(Exception.class);
// get() the query results from the cache
return query.get(Source.CACHE);
}
}).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
@Override
public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) {
if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
Log.w(TAG, "Bundle loading failed", task.getException());
return;
}
// Get the QuerySnapshot from the bundle
QuerySnapshot storiesSnap = task.getResult();
// Use the results
// ...
}
});
}
Dart
// Get a bundle from a server
final url = Uri.https('example.com', '/create-bundle');
final response = await http.get(url);
String body = response.body;
final buffer = Uint8List.fromList(body.codeUnits);
// Load a bundle from a buffer
LoadBundleTask task = FirebaseFirestore.instance.loadBundle(buffer);
await task.stream.toList();
// Use the cached named query
final results = await FirebaseFirestore.instance.namedQueryGet(
"latest-stories-query",
options: const GetOptions(
source: Source.cache,
),
);
C++
db->LoadBundle("bundle_name", [](const LoadBundleTaskProgress& progress) {
switch(progress.state()) {
case LoadBundleTaskProgress::State::kError: {
// The bundle load has errored. Handle the error in the returned future.
return;
}
case LoadBundleTaskProgress::State::kInProgress: {
std::cout << "Bytes loaded from bundle: " << progress.bytes_loaded()
<< std::endl;
break;
}
case LoadBundleTaskProgress::State::kSuccess: {
std::cout << "Bundle load succeeeded" << std::endl;
break;
}
}
}).OnCompletion([db](const Future<LoadBundleTaskProgress>& future) {
if (future.error() != Error::kErrorOk) {
// Handle error...
return;
}
const std::string& query_name = "latest_stories_query";
db->NamedQuery(query_name).OnCompletion([](const Future<Query>& query_future){
if (query_future.error() != Error::kErrorOk) {
// Handle error...
return;
}
const Query* query = query_future.result();
query->Get().OnCompletion([](const Future<QuerySnapshot> &){
// ...
});
});
});
請注意，如果您從建構時間不到 30 分鐘的組合載入已命名查詢，一旦您使用該查詢從後端讀取資料，而非從快取讀取資料，您只需為更新文件以符合後端儲存內容所需的資料庫讀取作業付費，也就是只需支付差異值的費用。
後續步驟
請參閱資料套件 API 參考說明文件，瞭解用戶端 (Apple、Android、網頁) 和伺服器端 (Node.js)。
如果您還沒有，請參閱Cloud Functions 和 Firebase Hosting 解決方案，瞭解如何建構及提供套件。