透過 Cloud Firestore 排序及限制資料

Cloud Firestore 提供強大的查詢功能，可用於指定要從集合中擷取哪些文件。如「取得資料」一節所述，這些查詢也可以搭配 get() 或 addSnapshotListener() 使用。

排序及限制資料

根據預設，查詢會依文件 ID 的遞增順序，擷取所有符合查詢條件的文件。您可以使用 orderBy() 指定資料的排序順序，並使用 limit() 限制擷取的文件數量。如果您指定 limit()，值必須大於或等於零。

舉例來說，您可以使用以下查詢，查詢字母順序前 3 個城市：

Web

import { query, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("name"), limit(3));
order_and_limit.js

Web

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
citiesRef.order(by: "name").limit(to: 3)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"name"] queryLimitedTo:3];
ViewController.m

Kotlin

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3)
DocSnippets.kt

Java

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);
firestore.dart
Java
Query query = cities.orderBy("name").limit(3);
Query query = cities.orderBy("name").limitToLast(3);
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name").limit_to_last(2)
results = query.get()
snippets.py

Python

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name").limit_to_last(2)
results = await query.get()
snippets.py
C++
cities_ref.OrderBy("name").Limit(3);
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const firstThreeRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('name').limit(3).get();
index.js
Go
query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Asc).Limit(3)
query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Asc).LimitToLast(3)
query.go
PHP

PHP

如要進一步瞭解如何安裝及建立 Cloud Firestore 用戶端，請參閱 Cloud Firestore 用戶端程式庫。

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('name')->limit(3);
query_order_limit.php
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Name").Limit(3);
C#
Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Name").Limit(3);
Program.cs
Ruby
query = cities_ref.order("name").limit(3)
order_limit_data.rb

您也可以以遞減順序排序，取得「最後」3 個城市：

Web

import { query, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("name", "desc"), limit(3));
order_and_limit_desc.js

Web

citiesRef.orderBy("name", "desc").limit(3);
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
citiesRef.order(by: "name", descending: true).limit(to: 3)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"name" descending:YES] queryLimitedTo:3];
ViewController.m

Kotlin

citiesRef.orderBy("name", Query.Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3)
DocSnippets.kt

Java

citiesRef.orderBy("name", Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3);
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef.orderBy("name", descending: true).limit(3);
firestore.dart
Java
Query query = cities.orderBy("name", Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3);
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING).limit(3)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py

Python

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING).limit(3)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py
C++
cities_ref.OrderBy("name", Query::Direction::kDescending).Limit(3);
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const lastThreeRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('name', 'desc').limit(3).get();
index.js
Go
query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Desc).Limit(3)
query.go
PHP

PHP

如要進一步瞭解如何安裝及建立 Cloud Firestore 用戶端，請參閱 Cloud Firestore 用戶端程式庫。

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('name', 'DESC')->limit(3);
query_order_desc_limit.php
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.OrderByDescending("Name").Limit(3);
C#
Query query = citiesRef.OrderByDescending("Name").Limit(3);
Program.cs
Ruby
query = cities_ref.order("name", "desc").limit(3)
order_limit_data.rb

您也可以依多個欄位排序。舉例來說，假設您想依州排序，並在每個州內依人口數遞減順序排序：

Web

import { query, orderBy } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("state"), orderBy("population", "desc"));
order_multiple.js

Web

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", "desc");
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
citiesRef
  .order(by: "state")
  .order(by: "population", descending: true)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"state"] queryOrderedByField:@"population" descending:YES];
ViewController.m

Kotlin

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Query.Direction.DESCENDING)
DocSnippets.kt

Java

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Direction.DESCENDING);
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", descending: true);
firestore.dart
Java
Query query = cities.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Direction.DESCENDING);
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
ordered_city_ref = cities_ref.order_by("state").order_by(
    "population", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING
)
snippets.py

Python

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
cities_ref.order_by("state").order_by(
    "population", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING
)
snippets.py
C++
cities_ref.OrderBy("state").OrderBy("name", Query::Direction::kDescending);
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const byStateByPopRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('state').orderBy('population', 'desc').get();
index.js
Go
query := client.Collection("cities").OrderBy("state", firestore.Asc).OrderBy("population", firestore.Desc)
query.go
PHP

PHP

如要進一步瞭解如何安裝及建立 Cloud Firestore 用戶端，請參閱 Cloud Firestore 用戶端程式庫。

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('state')->orderBy('population', 'DESC');
query_order_multi.php
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("State").OrderByDescending("Population");
C#
Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("State").OrderByDescending("Population");
Program.cs
Ruby
query = cities_ref.order("state").order("population", "desc")
order_limit_data.rb

您可以將 where() 篩選器與 orderBy() 和 limit() 結合使用。在下列範例中，查詢會定義人口門檻，並依人口數量遞增排序，只傳回超過門檻的幾筆結果：

Web

import { query, where, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";  

const q = query(citiesRef, where("population", ">", 100000), orderBy("population"), limit(2));
filter_and_order.js

Web

citiesRef.where("population", ">", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2);
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
citiesRef
  .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
  .order(by: "population")
  .limit(to: 2)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@100000]
    queryOrderedByField:@"population"]
    queryLimitedTo:2];
ViewController.m

Kotlin

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2)
DocSnippets.kt

Java

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2);
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
citiesRef
    .where("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
    .orderBy("population")
    .limit(2);
firestore.dart
Java
Query query = cities.whereGreaterThan("population", 2500000L).orderBy("population").limit(2);
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = (
    cities_ref.where(filter=FieldFilter("population", ">", 2500000))
    .order_by("population")
    .limit(2)
)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py

Python

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = (
    cities_ref.where(filter=FieldFilter("population", ">", 2500000))
    .order_by("population")
    .limit(2)
)
results = query.stream()
snippets.py
C++
cities_ref.WhereGreaterThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(100000))
    .OrderBy("population")
    .Limit(2);
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const biggestRes = await citiesRef.where('population', '>', 2500000)
  .orderBy('population').limit(2).get();
index.js
Go
query := cities.Where("population", ">", 2500000).OrderBy("population", firestore.Desc).Limit(2)
query.go
PHP

PHP

如要進一步瞭解如何安裝及建立 Cloud Firestore 用戶端，請參閱 Cloud Firestore 用戶端程式庫。

$query = $citiesRef
    ->where('population', '>', 2500000)
    ->orderBy('population')
    ->limit(2);
query_order_limit_field_valid.php
Unity
Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population")
    .Limit(2);
C#
Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population")
    .Limit(2);
Program.cs
Ruby
query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2_500_000).order("population").limit(2)
order_limit_data.rb

不過，如果您使用篩選器進行範圍比較 (<、<=、>、>=)，則第一個排序必須在同一個欄位，請參閱下方 orderBy() 限制的清單。

限制

請注意 orderBy() 子句的下列限制：

orderBy 和存在

依指定欄位排序查詢時，查詢只能傳回包含排序欄位的文件。

舉例來說，即使符合查詢篩選條件的文件未設定 population 欄位，以下查詢也不會傳回這些文件。

Java
db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("country", “USA”).orderBy(“population”);

相關效果適用於不等式。如果查詢包含欄位上的不等式篩選器，則也表示會依據該欄位排序。即使文件中含有 country = USA，下列查詢也不會傳回沒有 population 欄位的文件。解決方法是針對每個排序執行個別查詢，或是為排序依據的所有欄位指派值。

Java
db.collection(“cities”).where(or(“country”, USA”), greaterThan(“population”, 250000));

上述查詢包含不等式上的隱含排序依據，等同於以下查詢：

Java
db.collection(“cities”).where(or(“country”, USA”), greaterThan(“population”, 250000)).orderBy(“population”);