파일은 Cloud Storage 버킷에 저장됩니다. 이 버킷의 파일은 로컬 하드 디스크의 파일 시스템 또는 Firebase Realtime Database의 데이터와 같이 계층 구조로 표시됩니다.
파일을 가리키는 참조를 만들면 앱에 액세스 권한이 부여됩니다. 이러한 참조를 사용하여 데이터 업로드 또는 다운로드, 메타데이터 가져오기 또는 업데이트, 파일 삭제 등을 수행할 수 있습니다. 참조는 특정 파일을 가리키거나 계층 구조에서 보다 상위 노드를 가리킬 수도 있습니다.
Firebase Realtime Database를 사용해 본 적이 있다면 이 경로가 매우 익숙할 것입니다. 그러나 파일 데이터는 Realtime Database가 아니라Cloud Storage에 저장됩니다.
참조 만들기
파일 업로드, 다운로드, 삭제, 메타데이터 가져오기 또는 업데이트를
하려면 참조를 만듭니다. 참조는 클라우드의
파일을 가리키는 포인터로 생각하면 됩니다. 참조는 메모리에
부담을 주지 않으므로 원하는 만큼 만들 수 있으며 여러 작업에서 재사용할 수도 있습니다.
FirebaseStorage 싱글톤 인스턴스를 사용하고 이 인스턴스의 getReference() 메서드를 호출하여 참조를 만듭니다.
Kotlin
// Create a storage reference from our appvarstorageRef=storage.reference
다음으로 기존 참조에 child() 메서드를 사용하여 "images/space.jpg"와 같이 트리에서 하위 위치를 가리키는 참조를 만들 수 있습니다.
Kotlin
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"varimagesRef:StorageReference? =storageRef.child("images")// Child references can also take paths// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg// imagesRef still points to "images"varspaceRef=storageRef.child("images/space.jpg")
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"StorageReferenceimagesRef=storageRef.child("images");// Child references can also take paths// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg// imagesRef still points to "images"StorageReferencespaceRef=storageRef.child("images/space.jpg");
getParent() 및 getRoot() 메서드를 사용하여 파일 계층에서 상위로 탐색할 수도 있습니다. getParent()는 한 단계 위로 탐색하며 getRoot()는 맨 위로 탐색합니다.
Kotlin
// parent allows us to move our reference to a parent node// imagesRef now points to 'images'imagesRef=spaceRef.parent// root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootvalrootRef=spaceRef.root
// getParent allows us to move our reference to a parent node// imagesRef now points to 'images'imagesRef=spaceRef.getParent();// getRoot allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootStorageReferencerootRef=spaceRef.getRoot();
child(), getParent(), getRoot()는 각각 참조를 반환하므로 여러 번 연결할 수 있습니다. 하지만 getRoot().getParent()를 호출하면 null이 반환됩니다.
Kotlin
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'valearthRef=spaceRef.parent?.child("earth.jpg")// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is nullvalnullRef=spaceRef.root.parent
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'StorageReferenceearthRef=spaceRef.getParent().child("earth.jpg");// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is nullStorageReferencenullRef=spaceRef.getRoot().getParent();
getPath(), getName(), getBucket() 메서드로 참조를 조사하여 참조가 가리키는 파일을 자세히 파악할 수 있습니다. 이러한 메서드는 파일의 전체 경로, 이름, 버킷을 가져옵니다.
Kotlin
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.path// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored inspaceRef.bucket
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.getPath();// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.getName();// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored inspaceRef.getBucket();
// Points to the root referencestorageRef=storage.reference// Points to "images"imagesRef=storageRef.child("images")// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesvalfileName="space.jpg"spaceRef=imagesRef.child(fileName)// File path is "images/space.jpg"valpath=spaceRef.path// File name is "space.jpg"valname=spaceRef.name// Points to "images"imagesRef=spaceRef.parent
// Points to the root referencestorageRef=storage.getReference();// Points to "images"imagesRef=storageRef.child("images");// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesStringfileName="space.jpg";spaceRef=imagesRef.child(fileName);// File path is "images/space.jpg"Stringpath=spaceRef.getPath();// File name is "space.jpg"Stringname=spaceRef.getName();// Points to "images"imagesRef=spaceRef.getParent();
[[["이해하기 쉬움","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["문제가 해결됨","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["기타","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["필요한 정보가 없음","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["너무 복잡함/단계 수가 너무 많음","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["오래됨","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["번역 문제","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["샘플/코드 문제","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["기타","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["최종 업데이트: 2025-09-04(UTC)"],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYour files are stored in a\n[Cloud Storage](//cloud.google.com/storage) bucket. The\nfiles in this bucket are presented in a hierarchical structure, just like the\nfile system on your local hard disk, or the data in the Firebase Realtime Database.\nBy creating a reference to a file, your app gains access to it. These references\ncan then be used to upload or download data, get or update metadata or delete\nthe file. A reference can either point to a specific file or to a higher level\nnode in the hierarchy.\n\nIf you've used the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database), these paths should\nseem very familiar to you. However, your file data is stored in\nCloud Storage, **not** in the Realtime Database.\n\nCreate a Reference\n\nCreate a reference to upload, download, or delete a file,\nor to get or update its metadata. A reference\ncan be thought of as a pointer to a file in the cloud. References are\nlightweight, so you can create as many as you need. They are also reusable for\nmultiple operations.\n\nCreate a reference using the `FirebaseStorage` singleton instance and\ncalling its `getReference()` method. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nvar storageRef = storage.reference \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L49-L50\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nStorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L78-L79\n```\n\nNext, you can create a reference to a location lower in the tree,\nsay `\"images/space.jpg\"` by using the `child()` method on an existing reference. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nvar imagesRef: StorageReference? = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Child references can also take paths\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nvar spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\")https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L54-L61\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nStorageReference imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\");\n\n// Child references can also take paths\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nStorageReference spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\");https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L83-L90\n```\n\nNavigate with References\n\nYou can also use the `getParent()` and `getRoot()` methods to navigate up in our\nfile hierarchy. `getParent()` navigates up one level,\nwhile `getRoot()` navigates all the way to the top. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// parent allows us to move our reference to a parent node\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = spaceRef.parent\n\n// root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nval rootRef = spaceRef.root \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L67-L73\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// getParent allows us to move our reference to a parent node\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();\n\n// getRoot allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nStorageReference rootRef = spaceRef.getRoot();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L96-L102\n```\n\n`child()`, `getParent()`, and `getRoot()` can be chained together multiple\ntimes, as each returns a reference. But calling `getRoot().getParent()` returns `null`. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\nval earthRef = spaceRef.parent?.child(\"earth.jpg\")\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nval nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L77-L82\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\nStorageReference earthRef = spaceRef.getParent().child(\"earth.jpg\");\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nStorageReference nullRef = spaceRef.getRoot().getParent();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L106-L111\n```\n\nReference Properties\n\nYou can inspect references to better understand the files they point to\nusing the `getPath()`, `getName()`, and `getBucket()` methods. These methods\nget the file's full path, name and bucket. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.path\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in\nspaceRef.bucket \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L88-L97\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.getPath();\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.getName();\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in\nspaceRef.getBucket();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L117-L126\n```\n\nLimitations on References\n\nReference paths and names can contain any sequence of valid Unicode characters,\nbut certain restrictions are imposed including:\n\n1. Total length of reference.fullPath must be between 1 and 1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.\n2. No Carriage Return or Line Feed characters.\n3. Avoid using `#`, `[`, `]`, `*`, or `?`, as these do not work well with other tools such as the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database) or [gsutil](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil).\n\nFull Example \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Points to the root reference\nstorageRef = storage.reference\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nval fileName = \"space.jpg\"\nspaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nval path = spaceRef.path\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nval name = spaceRef.name\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = spaceRef.parent \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L103-L121\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Points to the root reference\nstorageRef = storage.getReference();\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\");\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nString fileName = \"space.jpg\";\nspaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName);\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nString path = spaceRef.getPath();\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nString name = spaceRef.getName();\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/b694d4dbd411d31be39655f47691c3e9f3529b03/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L132-L150\n```\n\nNext, let's learn how to\n[upload files](/docs/storage/android/upload-files) to\nCloud Storage."]]