تنظيم صفحاتك في مجموعات
يمكنك حفظ المحتوى وتصنيفه حسب إعداداتك المفضّلة.
يتم تخزين ملفاتك في حزمة Cloud Storage. يتم عرض الملفات في هذا الحزمة في بنية هرمية، تمامًا مثل نظام الملفات على القرص الصلب المحلي أو البيانات في Firebase Realtime Database.
من خلال إنشاء مرجع إلى ملف، يمكن لتطبيقك الوصول إليه. ويمكن استخدام هذه المراجع لتحميل البيانات أو تنزيلها أو الحصول على البيانات الوصفية أو تعديلها أو حذف الملف. يمكن أن يشير المرجع إلى ملف معيّن أو إلى عقدة ذات مستوى أعلى في التدرّج الهرمي.
إذا كنت قد استخدمت Firebase Realtime Database، من المفترض أن تكون هذه المسارات مألوفة جدًا بالنسبة إليك. ومع ذلك، يتم تخزين بيانات ملفاتك في Cloud Storage، وليس في Realtime Database.
إنشاء مرجع
إنشاء مرجع لتحميل ملف أو تنزيله أو حذفه،
أو للحصول على البيانات الوصفية الخاصة به أو تعديلها يمكن اعتبار المرجع
مؤشرًا إلى ملف في السحابة الإلكترونية. المراجع بسيطة، لذا يمكنك إنشاء العدد الذي تحتاجه منها. ويمكن أيضًا إعادة استخدامها في عمليات متعددة.
يتم إنشاء المراجع باستخدام خدمة FirebaseStorage واستدعاء الطريقة reference.
Swift
// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase Appletstorage=Storage.storage()// Create a storage reference from our storage serviceletstorageRef=storage.reference()
Objective-C
// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase AppFIRStorage*storage=[FIRStoragestorage];// Create a storage reference from our storage serviceFIRStorageReference*storageRef=[storagereference];
يمكنك إنشاء مرجع إلى موقع أدنى في الشجرة،
على سبيل المثال 'images/space.jpg'، باستخدام طريقة child على مرجع حالي.
Swift
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"letimagesRef=storageRef.child("images")// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"varspaceRef=storageRef.child("images/space.jpg")// This is equivalent to creating the full referenceletstoragePath="\(your_firebase_storage_bucket)/images/space.jpg"spaceRef=storage.reference(forURL:storagePath)
Objective-C
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"FIRStorageReference*imagesRef=[storageRefchild:@"images"];// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"FIRStorageReference*spaceRef=[storageRefchild:@"images/space.jpg"];// This is equivalent to creating the full referencespaceRef=[storagereferenceForURL:@"gs://<your-firebase-storage-bucket>/images/space.jpg"];
التنقّل باستخدام "المراجع"
يمكنك أيضًا استخدام الطريقتَين parent وroot للتنقّل للأعلى في التسلسل الهرمي للملفات. يؤدي الضغط على parent إلى الانتقال إلى مستوى أعلى واحد،
بينما يؤدي الضغط على root إلى الانتقال إلى أعلى مستوى.
Swift
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference// imagesRef now points to 'images'letimagesRef=spaceRef.parent()// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootletrootRef=spaceRef.root()
Objective-C
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference// imagesRef now points to 'images'imagesRef=[spaceRefparent];// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootFIRStorageReference*rootRef=[spaceRefroot];
يمكن ربط child وparent وroot معًا عدة مرات، لأنّ كلّ منها يعرض مرجعًا. الاستثناء هو parent من root، وهو nil.
Swift
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to "images/earth.jpg"letearthRef=spaceRef.parent()?.child("earth.jpg")// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nilletnilRef=spaceRef.root().parent()
Objective-C
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to "images/earth.jpg"FIRStorageReference*earthRef=[[spaceRefparent]child:@"earth.jpg"];// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nilFIRStorageReference*nilRef=[[spaceRefroot]parent];
الخصائص المرجعية
يمكنك فحص المراجع لفهم الملفات التي تشير إليها بشكل أفضل باستخدام الخصائص fullPath وname وbucket. تحصل هذه الخصائص على المسار الكامل للملف واسمه وحزمة التخزين.
Swift
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket
Objective-C
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath;// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name;// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket;
القيود المفروضة على المراجع
يمكن أن تحتوي مسارات المراجع وأسماؤها على أي تسلسل من أحرف Unicode الصالحة،
ولكن يتم فرض قيود معيّنة، بما في ذلك:
يجب أن يتراوح الطول الإجمالي لـ reference.fullPath بين بايت واحد و1024 بايت عند استخدام ترميز UTF-8.
يجب عدم استخدام أحرف الرجوع إلى أول السطر أو نهاية السطر.
// Points to the root referenceletstorageRef=Storage.storage().reference()// Points to "images"letimagesRef=storageRef.child("images")// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesletfileName="space.jpg"letspaceRef=imagesRef.child(fileName)// File path is "images/space.jpg"letpath=spaceRef.fullPath// File name is "space.jpg"letname=spaceRef.name// Points to "images"letimages=spaceRef.parent()
Objective-C
// Points to the root referenceFIRStorageReference*storageRef=[[FIRStoragestorage]reference];// Points to "images"FIRStorageReference*imagesRef=[storageRefchild:@"images"];// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesNSString*fileName=@"space.jpg";FIRStorageReference*spaceRef=[imagesRefchild:fileName];// File path is "images/space.jpg"NSString*path=spaceRef.fullPath;// File name is "space.jpg"NSString*name=spaceRef.name;// Points to "images"imagesRef=[spaceRefparent];
بعد ذلك، سنتعرّف على كيفية
تحميل الملفات إلى
Cloud Storage.
تاريخ التعديل الأخير: 2025-09-05 (حسب التوقيت العالمي المتفَّق عليه)
[[["يسهُل فهم المحتوى.","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["ساعَدني المحتوى في حلّ مشكلتي.","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["غير ذلك","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["لا يحتوي على المعلومات التي أحتاج إليها.","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["الخطوات معقدة للغاية / كثيرة جدًا.","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["المحتوى قديم.","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["ثمة مشكلة في الترجمة.","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["مشكلة في العيّنات / التعليمات البرمجية","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["غير ذلك","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["تاريخ التعديل الأخير: 2025-09-05 (حسب التوقيت العالمي المتفَّق عليه)"],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYour files are stored in a\n[Cloud Storage](//cloud.google.com/storage) bucket. The\nfiles in this bucket are presented in a hierarchical structure, just like the\nfile system on your local hard disk, or the data in the Firebase Realtime Database.\nBy creating a reference to a file, your app gains access to it. These references\ncan then be used to upload or download data, get or update metadata or delete\nthe file. A reference can either point to a specific file or to a higher level\nnode in the hierarchy.\n\nIf you've used the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database), these paths should\nseem very familiar to you. However, your file data is stored in\nCloud Storage, **not** in the Realtime Database.\n\nCreate a Reference\n\nCreate a reference to upload, download, or delete a file,\nor to get or update its metadata. A reference\ncan be thought of as a pointer to a file in the cloud. References are\nlightweight, so you can create as many as you need. They are also reusable for\nmultiple operations.\n\nReferences are created using the `FirebaseStorage` service and calling its\n`reference` method. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase App\nlet storage = Storage.storage()\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nlet storageRef = storage.reference()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase App\nFIRStorage *storage = [FIRStorage storage];\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nFIRStorageReference *storageRef = [storage reference];\n \n```\n\nYou can create a reference to a location lower in the tree,\nsay `'images/space.jpg'`, by using the `child` method on an existing reference. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nlet imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nvar spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\")\n\n// This is equivalent to creating the full reference\nlet storagePath = \"\\(your_firebase_storage_bucket)/images/space.jpg\"\nspaceRef = storage.reference(forURL: storagePath)\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *imagesRef = [storageRef child:@\"images\"];\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *spaceRef = [storageRef child:@\"images/space.jpg\"];\n\n// This is equivalent to creating the full reference\nspaceRef = [storage referenceForURL:@\"gs://\u003cyour-firebase-storage-bucket\u003e/images/space.jpg\"];\n \n```\n\nNavigate with References\n\nYou can also use the `parent` and `root` methods to navigate up in our\nfile hierarchy. `parent` navigates up one level,\nwhile `root` navigates all the way to the top. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nlet imagesRef = spaceRef.parent()\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nlet rootRef = spaceRef.root()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = [spaceRef parent];\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nFIRStorageReference *rootRef = [spaceRef root];\n \n```\n\n`child`, `parent`, and `root` can be chained together multiple times, as\neach returns a reference. The exception is the `parent` of `root`, which\nis `nil`. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to \"images/earth.jpg\"\nlet earthRef = spaceRef.parent()?.child(\"earth.jpg\")\n\n// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nil\nlet nilRef = spaceRef.root().parent()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to \"images/earth.jpg\"\nFIRStorageReference *earthRef = [[spaceRef parent] child:@\"earth.jpg\"];\n\n// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nil\nFIRStorageReference *nilRef = [[spaceRef root] parent];\n \n```\n\nReference Properties\n\nYou can inspect references to better understand the files they point to\nusing the `fullPath`, `name`, and `bucket` properties. These properties\nget the file's full path, name, and bucket. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name;\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket;\n \n```\n\nLimitations on References\n\nReference paths and names can contain any sequence of valid Unicode characters,\nbut certain restrictions are imposed including:\n\n1. Total length of reference.fullPath must be between 1 and 1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.\n2. No Carriage Return or Line Feed characters.\n3. Avoid using `#`, `[`, `]`, `*`, or `?`, as these do not work well with other tools such as the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database) or [gsutil](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil).\n\nFull Example \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Points to the root reference\nlet storageRef = Storage.storage().reference()\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nlet imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nlet fileName = \"space.jpg\"\nlet spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nlet path = spaceRef.fullPath\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nlet name = spaceRef.name\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nlet images = spaceRef.parent()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Points to the root reference\nFIRStorageReference *storageRef = [[FIRStorage storage] reference];\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *imagesRef = [storageRef child:@\"images\"];\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nNSString *fileName = @\"space.jpg\";\nFIRStorageReference *spaceRef = [imagesRef child:fileName];\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nNSString *path = spaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nNSString *name = spaceRef.name;\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = [spaceRef parent];\n \n```\n\nNext, let's learn how to\n[upload files](/docs/storage/ios/upload-files) to\nCloud Storage."]]