파일은 Cloud Storage 버킷에 저장됩니다. 이 버킷의 파일은 로컬 하드 디스크의 파일 시스템 또는 Firebase Realtime Database의 데이터와 같이 계층 구조로 표시됩니다.
파일을 가리키는 참조를 만들면 앱에 액세스 권한이 부여됩니다. 이러한 참조를 사용하여 데이터 업로드 또는 다운로드, 메타데이터 가져오기 또는 업데이트, 파일 삭제 등을 수행할 수 있습니다. 참조는 특정 파일을 가리키거나 계층 구조에서 보다 상위 노드를 가리킬 수도 있습니다.
Firebase Realtime Database를 사용해 본 적이 있다면 이 경로가 매우 익숙할 것입니다. 그러나 파일 데이터는 Realtime Database가 아니라Cloud Storage에 저장됩니다.
참조 만들기
파일 업로드, 다운로드, 삭제, 메타데이터 가져오기 또는 업데이트를
하려면 참조를 만듭니다. 참조는 클라우드의
파일을 가리키는 포인터로 생각하면 됩니다. 참조는 메모리에
부담을 주지 않으므로 원하는 만큼 만들 수 있으며 여러 작업에서 재사용할 수도 있습니다.
참조를 만들려면 FirebaseStorage 서비스를 사용하고 reference 메서드를 호출합니다.
Swift
// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase Appletstorage=Storage.storage()// Create a storage reference from our storage serviceletstorageRef=storage.reference()
Objective-C
// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase AppFIRStorage*storage=[FIRStoragestorage];// Create a storage reference from our storage serviceFIRStorageReference*storageRef=[storagereference];
기존 참조에 child 메서드를 사용하여 'images/space.jpg'와 같이 트리에서 하위 위치를 가리키는 참조를 만들 수 있습니다.
Swift
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"letimagesRef=storageRef.child("images")// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"varspaceRef=storageRef.child("images/space.jpg")// This is equivalent to creating the full referenceletstoragePath="\(your_firebase_storage_bucket)/images/space.jpg"spaceRef=storage.reference(forURL:storagePath)
Objective-C
// Create a child reference// imagesRef now points to "images"FIRStorageReference*imagesRef=[storageRefchild:@"images"];// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"FIRStorageReference*spaceRef=[storageRefchild:@"images/space.jpg"];// This is equivalent to creating the full referencespaceRef=[storagereferenceForURL:@"gs://<your-firebase-storage-bucket>/images/space.jpg"];
참조로 탐색하기
parent 및 root 메서드를 사용하여 파일 계층에서 상위로 탐색할 수도 있습니다. parent는 한 단계 위로 탐색하며 root는 맨 위로 탐색합니다.
Swift
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference// imagesRef now points to 'images'letimagesRef=spaceRef.parent()// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootletrootRef=spaceRef.root()
Objective-C
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference// imagesRef now points to 'images'imagesRef=[spaceRefparent];// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket// rootRef now points to the rootFIRStorageReference*rootRef=[spaceRefroot];
child, parent, root는 각각 참조를 반환하므로 여러 번 연결할 수 있습니다. root의 parent(nil)는 예외입니다.
Swift
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to "images/earth.jpg"letearthRef=spaceRef.parent()?.child("earth.jpg")// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nilletnilRef=spaceRef.root().parent()
Objective-C
// References can be chained together multiple times// earthRef points to "images/earth.jpg"FIRStorageReference*earthRef=[[spaceRefparent]child:@"earth.jpg"];// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nilFIRStorageReference*nilRef=[[spaceRefroot]parent];
참조 속성
fullPath, name, bucket 속성으로 참조를 조사하여 참조가 가리키는 파일을 자세히 파악할 수 있습니다. 이러한 속성은 파일의 전체 경로, 이름, 버킷을 가져옵니다.
Swift
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket
Objective-C
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath;// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name;// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket;
참조 제한사항
참조 경로 및 이름에는 유효한 유니코드 문자를 어떤 순서로든 포함할 수 있지만
다음을 비롯하여 몇 가지 제한사항이 있습니다.
reference.fullPath의 전체 길이는 UTF-8 인코딩 시 1~1,024바이트 사이여야 합니다.
// Points to the root referenceletstorageRef=Storage.storage().reference()// Points to "images"letimagesRef=storageRef.child("images")// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesletfileName="space.jpg"letspaceRef=imagesRef.child(fileName)// File path is "images/space.jpg"letpath=spaceRef.fullPath// File name is "space.jpg"letname=spaceRef.name// Points to "images"letimages=spaceRef.parent()
Objective-C
// Points to the root referenceFIRStorageReference*storageRef=[[FIRStoragestorage]reference];// Points to "images"FIRStorageReference*imagesRef=[storageRefchild:@"images"];// Points to "images/space.jpg"// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesNSString*fileName=@"space.jpg";FIRStorageReference*spaceRef=[imagesRefchild:fileName];// File path is "images/space.jpg"NSString*path=spaceRef.fullPath;// File name is "space.jpg"NSString*name=spaceRef.name;// Points to "images"imagesRef=[spaceRefparent];
[[["이해하기 쉬움","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["문제가 해결됨","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["기타","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["필요한 정보가 없음","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["너무 복잡함/단계 수가 너무 많음","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["오래됨","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["번역 문제","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["샘플/코드 문제","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["기타","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["최종 업데이트: 2025-09-04(UTC)"],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYour files are stored in a\n[Cloud Storage](//cloud.google.com/storage) bucket. The\nfiles in this bucket are presented in a hierarchical structure, just like the\nfile system on your local hard disk, or the data in the Firebase Realtime Database.\nBy creating a reference to a file, your app gains access to it. These references\ncan then be used to upload or download data, get or update metadata or delete\nthe file. A reference can either point to a specific file or to a higher level\nnode in the hierarchy.\n\nIf you've used the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database), these paths should\nseem very familiar to you. However, your file data is stored in\nCloud Storage, **not** in the Realtime Database.\n\nCreate a Reference\n\nCreate a reference to upload, download, or delete a file,\nor to get or update its metadata. A reference\ncan be thought of as a pointer to a file in the cloud. References are\nlightweight, so you can create as many as you need. They are also reusable for\nmultiple operations.\n\nReferences are created using the `FirebaseStorage` service and calling its\n`reference` method. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase App\nlet storage = Storage.storage()\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nlet storageRef = storage.reference()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Get a reference to the storage service using the default Firebase App\nFIRStorage *storage = [FIRStorage storage];\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nFIRStorageReference *storageRef = [storage reference];\n \n```\n\nYou can create a reference to a location lower in the tree,\nsay `'images/space.jpg'`, by using the `child` method on an existing reference. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nlet imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nvar spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\")\n\n// This is equivalent to creating the full reference\nlet storagePath = \"\\(your_firebase_storage_bucket)/images/space.jpg\"\nspaceRef = storage.reference(forURL: storagePath)\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *imagesRef = [storageRef child:@\"images\"];\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *spaceRef = [storageRef child:@\"images/space.jpg\"];\n\n// This is equivalent to creating the full reference\nspaceRef = [storage referenceForURL:@\"gs://\u003cyour-firebase-storage-bucket\u003e/images/space.jpg\"];\n \n```\n\nNavigate with References\n\nYou can also use the `parent` and `root` methods to navigate up in our\nfile hierarchy. `parent` navigates up one level,\nwhile `root` navigates all the way to the top. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nlet imagesRef = spaceRef.parent()\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nlet rootRef = spaceRef.root()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = [spaceRef parent];\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nFIRStorageReference *rootRef = [spaceRef root];\n \n```\n\n`child`, `parent`, and `root` can be chained together multiple times, as\neach returns a reference. The exception is the `parent` of `root`, which\nis `nil`. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to \"images/earth.jpg\"\nlet earthRef = spaceRef.parent()?.child(\"earth.jpg\")\n\n// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nil\nlet nilRef = spaceRef.root().parent()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to \"images/earth.jpg\"\nFIRStorageReference *earthRef = [[spaceRef parent] child:@\"earth.jpg\"];\n\n// nilRef is nil, since the parent of root is nil\nFIRStorageReference *nilRef = [[spaceRef root] parent];\n \n```\n\nReference Properties\n\nYou can inspect references to better understand the files they point to\nusing the `fullPath`, `name`, and `bucket` properties. These properties\nget the file's full path, name, and bucket. \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name;\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket;\n \n```\n\nLimitations on References\n\nReference paths and names can contain any sequence of valid Unicode characters,\nbut certain restrictions are imposed including:\n\n1. Total length of reference.fullPath must be between 1 and 1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.\n2. No Carriage Return or Line Feed characters.\n3. Avoid using `#`, `[`, `]`, `*`, or `?`, as these do not work well with other tools such as the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database) or [gsutil](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil).\n\nFull Example \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\n// Points to the root reference\nlet storageRef = Storage.storage().reference()\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nlet imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nlet fileName = \"space.jpg\"\nlet spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nlet path = spaceRef.fullPath\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nlet name = spaceRef.name\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nlet images = spaceRef.parent()\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n// Points to the root reference\nFIRStorageReference *storageRef = [[FIRStorage storage] reference];\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nFIRStorageReference *imagesRef = [storageRef child:@\"images\"];\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nNSString *fileName = @\"space.jpg\";\nFIRStorageReference *spaceRef = [imagesRef child:fileName];\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nNSString *path = spaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nNSString *name = spaceRef.name;\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = [spaceRef parent];\n \n```\n\nNext, let's learn how to\n[upload files](/docs/storage/ios/upload-files) to\nCloud Storage."]]