Mantenha tudo organizado com as coleções
Salve e categorize o conteúdo com base nas suas preferências.
Seus arquivos são armazenados em um bucket do Cloud Storage. Os arquivo nesse bucket são apresentados em uma estrutura hierárquica, exatamente como o sistema de arquivos no disco rígido local ou como os dados no Firebase Realtime Database.
Quando você cria uma referência a um arquivo, seu app ganha acesso a ele. Essas referências
podem ser usadas para fazer upload ou download de dados, receber ou atualizar metadados ou excluir
o arquivo. Uma referência pode apontar para um arquivo específico ou para um nó de nível
superior na hierarquia.
Se você já usou o Firebase Realtime Database, esses caminhos devem parecer familiares. No entanto, os dados dos arquivos são armazenados no Cloud Storage, não no Realtime Database.
Criar uma referência
Para fazer upload, download e excluir arquivos ou receber e atualizar metadados, é necessário criar uma referência ao arquivo com que você quer trabalhar. Podemos pensar nas referências como ponteiros para um arquivo na nuvem. As referências são
leves, para que você possa criar tantas quantas precisar, e também são reutilizáveis para
várias operações.
Para criar uma referência, receba uma instância do serviço de armazenamento usando
getStorage() e, em seguida, chame ref() com o serviço como um argumento.
Essa referência aponta para a raiz do bucket do Cloud Storage.
Web
import{getStorage,ref}from"firebase/storage";// Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucketconststorage=getStorage();// Create a storage reference from our storage serviceconststorageRef=ref(storage);
// Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucketvarstorage=firebase.storage();// Create a storage reference from our storage servicevarstorageRef=storage.ref();
Para criar uma referência a um local inferior da árvore,
como 'images/space.jpg', transmita esse caminho como um segundo argumento ao
chamar ref().
Web
import{getStorage,ref}from"firebase/storage";conststorage=getStorage();// Create a child referenceconstimagesRef=ref(storage,'images');// imagesRef now points to 'images'// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'constspaceRef=ref(storage,'images/space.jpg');// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"
// Create a child referencevarimagesRef=storageRef.child('images');// imagesRef now points to 'images'// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'varspaceRef=storageRef.child('images/space.jpg');// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"// imagesRef still points to "images"
Também é possível usar as propriedades parent e root para navegar até uma posição superior da hierarquia de arquivos. O método parent navega até um nível acima, enquanto que root navega até o topo.
Web
import{getStorage,ref}from"firebase/storage";conststorage=getStorage();constspaceRef=ref(storage,'images/space.jpg');// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a referenceconstimagesRef=spaceRef.parent;// imagesRef now points to 'images'// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucketconstrootRef=spaceRef.root;// rootRef now points to the root
// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a referencevarimagesRef=spaceRef.parent;// imagesRef now points to 'images'// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucketvarrootRef=spaceRef.root;// rootRef now points to the root
Como cada um desses métodos retorna uma referência, child(), parent e root podem ser chamados um sobre o outro várias vezes. A exceção é o parent do root, que é null.
Web
import{getStorage,ref}from"firebase/storage";conststorage=getStorage();constspaceRef=ref(storage,'images/space.jpg');// References can be chained together multiple timesconstearthRef=ref(spaceRef.parent,'earth.jpg');// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is nullconstnullRef=spaceRef.root.parent;
// References can be chained together multiple timesvarearthRef=spaceRef.parent.child('earth.jpg');// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is nullvarnullRef=spaceRef.root.parent;
Você pode inspecionar referências para entender melhor os arquivos aos quais elas
apontam usando as propriedades fullPath, name e bucket. Essas propriedades recebem o caminho completo e o nome do arquivo, além do intervalo em que ele está armazenado.
Web
import{getStorage,ref}from"firebase/storage";conststorage=getStorage();constspaceRef=ref(storage,'images/space.jpg');// Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg'// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath;// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg'// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name;// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket;
// Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg'// This is analogous to a file path on diskspaceRef.fullPath;// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg'// This is analogous to the file namespaceRef.name;// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are storedspaceRef.bucket;
import{getStorage,ref}from"firebase/storage";conststorage=getStorage();// Points to the root referenceconststorageRef=ref(storage);// Points to 'images'constimagesRef=ref(storageRef,'images');// Points to 'images/space.jpg'// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesconstfileName='space.jpg';constspaceRef=ref(imagesRef,fileName);// File path is 'images/space.jpg'constpath=spaceRef.fullPath;// File name is 'space.jpg'constname=spaceRef.name;// Points to 'images'constimagesRefAgain=spaceRef.parent;
// Points to the root referencevarstorageRef=firebase.storage().ref();// Points to 'images'varimagesRef=storageRef.child('images');// Points to 'images/space.jpg'// Note that you can use variables to create child valuesvarfileName='space.jpg';varspaceRef=imagesRef.child(fileName);// File path is 'images/space.jpg'varpath=spaceRef.fullPath;// File name is 'space.jpg'varname=spaceRef.name;// Points to 'images'varimagesRef=spaceRef.parent;
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Não contém as informações de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Muito complicado / etapas demais","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Desatualizado","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Problema com as amostras / o código","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-09-04 UTC."],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYour files are stored in a\n[Cloud Storage](//cloud.google.com/storage) bucket. The\nfiles in this bucket are presented in a hierarchical structure, just like the\nfile system on your local hard disk, or the data in the Firebase Realtime Database.\nBy creating a reference to a file, your app gains access to it. These references\ncan then be used to upload or download data, get or update metadata or delete\nthe file. A reference can either point to a specific file or to a higher level\nnode in the hierarchy.\n\nIf you've used the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database), these paths should\nseem very familiar to you. However, your file data is stored in\nCloud Storage, **not** in the Realtime Database.\n\nCreate a Reference\n\nIn order to upload or download files, delete files, or get or update metadata,\nyou must create a reference to the file you want to operate on. A reference\ncan be thought of as a pointer to a file in the cloud. References are\nlightweight, so you can create as many as you need, and they are also reusable for\nmultiple operations.\n\nTo create a reference, get an instance of the Storage service using\n`getStorage()` then call `ref()` with the service as an argument.\nThis reference points to the root of your Cloud Storage bucket. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\n// Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucket\nconst storage = getStorage();\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nconst storageRef = ref(storage);https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/create-reference/storage_create_ref.js#L8-L14\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucket\nvar storage = firebase.storage();\n\n// Create a storage reference from our storage service\nvar storageRef = storage.ref();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/create-reference.js#L6-L10\n```\n\nYou can create a reference to a location lower in the tree,\nsay `'images/space.jpg'` by passing in this path as a second argument when\ncalling `ref()`. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\nconst storage = getStorage();\n\n// Create a child reference\nconst imagesRef = ref(storage, 'images');\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\nconst spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\" \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/create-reference/storage_create_ref_child.js#L8-L19\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Create a child reference\nvar imagesRef = storageRef.child('images');\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\n\n// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'\nvar spaceRef = storageRef.child('images/space.jpg');\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\" \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/create-reference.js#L18-L25\n```\n\nNavigate with References\n\nYou can also use the `parent` and `root` properties to navigate up the\nfile hierarchy. `parent` navigates up one level,\nwhile `root` navigates all the way to the top. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');\n\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\nconst imagesRef = spaceRef.parent;\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\nconst rootRef = spaceRef.root;\n// rootRef now points to the root \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/create-reference/storage_navigate_ref.js#L8-L19\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference\nvar imagesRef = spaceRef.parent;\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\n\n// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\nvar rootRef = spaceRef.root;\n// rootRef now points to the root \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/create-reference.js#L33-L39\n```\n\n`child()`, `parent`, and `root` can be chained together multiple times, as\neach returns a reference. The exception is the `parent` of `root`, which\nis `null`. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');\n\n// References can be chained together multiple times\nconst earthRef = ref(spaceRef.parent, 'earth.jpg');\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nconst nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent;https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/create-reference/storage_navigate_ref_chain.js#L8-L18\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// References can be chained together multiple times\nvar earthRef = spaceRef.parent.child('earth.jpg');\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nvar nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent;https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/create-reference.js#L47-L52\n```\n\nReference Properties\n\nYou can inspect references to better understand the files they point to\nusing the `fullPath`, `name`, and `bucket` properties. These properties\nget the full path of the file, the name of the file,\nand the bucket the file is stored in. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');\n\n// Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg'\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg'\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name;\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket;https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/create-reference/storage_ref_properties.js#L8-L22\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg'\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg'\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name;\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored\nspaceRef.bucket;https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/create-reference.js#L60-L69\n```\n\nLimitations on References\n\nReference paths and names can contain any sequence of valid Unicode characters,\nbut certain restrictions are imposed including:\n\n1. Total length of `reference.fullPath` must be between 1 and 1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.\n2. No Carriage Return or Line Feed characters.\n3. Avoid using `#`, `[`, `]`, `*`, or `?`, as these do not work well with other tools such as the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database) or [gsutil](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil).\n\nFull Example \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\nconst storage = getStorage();\n\n// Points to the root reference\nconst storageRef = ref(storage);\n\n// Points to 'images'\nconst imagesRef = ref(storageRef, 'images');\n\n// Points to 'images/space.jpg'\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nconst fileName = 'space.jpg';\nconst spaceRef = ref(imagesRef, fileName);\n\n// File path is 'images/space.jpg'\nconst path = spaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// File name is 'space.jpg'\nconst name = spaceRef.name;\n\n// Points to 'images'\nconst imagesRefAgain = spaceRef.parent;https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/create-reference/storage_ref_full_example.js#L8-L30\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Points to the root reference\nvar storageRef = firebase.storage().ref();\n\n// Points to 'images'\nvar imagesRef = storageRef.child('images');\n\n// Points to 'images/space.jpg'\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nvar fileName = 'space.jpg';\nvar spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName);\n\n// File path is 'images/space.jpg'\nvar path = spaceRef.fullPath;\n\n// File name is 'space.jpg'\nvar name = spaceRef.name;\n\n// Points to 'images'\nvar imagesRef = spaceRef.parent;https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/create-reference.js#L75-L93\n```\n\nNext, let's learn how to\n[upload files](/docs/storage/web/upload-files) to\nCloud Storage."]]