本頁面由 Cloud Translation API 翻譯而成。

透過網頁版 Cloud Storage 上傳檔案

Cloud Storage for Firebase 可讓您輕鬆快速地將檔案上傳到已提供 Cloud Storage 個值區並由 Firebase 管理

上傳檔案

如要上傳檔案到 Cloud Storage，請先建立指向檔案的完整路徑，包括檔案名稱。

Web

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

// Create a root reference
const storage = getStorage();

// Create a reference to 'mountains.jpg'
const mountainsRef = ref(storage, 'mountains.jpg');

// Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg'
const mountainImagesRef = ref(storage, 'images/mountains.jpg');

// While the file names are the same, the references point to different files
mountainsRef.name === mountainImagesRef.name;           // true
mountainsRef.fullPath === mountainImagesRef.fullPath;   // false storage_upload_ref.js

Web

// Create a root reference
var storageRef = firebase.storage().ref();

// Create a reference to 'mountains.jpg'
var mountainsRef = storageRef.child('mountains.jpg');

// Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg'
var mountainImagesRef = storageRef.child('images/mountains.jpg');

// While the file names are the same, the references point to different files
mountainsRef.name === mountainImagesRef.name;           // true
mountainsRef.fullPath === mountainImagesRef.fullPath;   // false upload-files.js

從 `Blob` 或 `File` 上傳

建立適當的參照後，接著要呼叫 uploadBytes() 方法。uploadBytes() 會透過 JavaScript 接收檔案檔案和 Blob API 和上傳項目至 Cloud Storage。

Web

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytes } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'some-child');

// 'file' comes from the Blob or File API
uploadBytes(storageRef, file).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a blob or file!');
});storage_upload_blob.js

Web

// 'file' comes from the Blob or File API
ref.put(file).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a blob or file!');
});upload-files.js

從 Byte 陣列上傳

除了 File 和 Blob 類型以外，uploadBytes() 也可以上傳 Uint8Array 到 Cloud Storage。

Web

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytes } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'some-child');

const bytes = new Uint8Array([0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21]);
uploadBytes(storageRef, bytes).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded an array!');
});storage_upload_bytes.js

Web

var bytes = new Uint8Array([0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21]);
ref.put(bytes).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded an array!');
});upload-files.js

從字串上傳

如果無法使用 Blob、File 或 Uint8Array，您可以使用使用 uploadString() 方法上傳原始、base64、base64url 或 data_url 編碼字串轉換成 Cloud Storage。

Web

import { getStorage, ref, uploadString } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'some-child');

// Raw string is the default if no format is provided
const message = 'This is my message.';
uploadString(storageRef, message).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a raw string!');
});

// Base64 formatted string
const message2 = '5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
uploadString(storageRef, message2, 'base64').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64 string!');
});

// Base64url formatted string
const message3 = '5b6p5Y-344GX44G-44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
uploadString(storageRef, message3, 'base64url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64url string!');
});

// Data URL string
const message4 = 'data:text/plain;base64,5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
uploadString(storageRef, message4, 'data_url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a data_url string!');
});storage_upload_string.js

Web

// Raw string is the default if no format is provided
var message = 'This is my message.';
ref.putString(message).then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a raw string!');
});

// Base64 formatted string
var message = '5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
ref.putString(message, 'base64').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64 string!');
});

// Base64url formatted string
var message = '5b6p5Y-344GX44G-44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
ref.putString(message, 'base64url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a base64url string!');
});

// Data URL string
var message = 'data:text/plain;base64,5b6p5Y+344GX44G+44GX44Gf77yB44GK44KB44Gn44Go44GG77yB';
ref.putString(message, 'data_url').then((snapshot) => {
  console.log('Uploaded a data_url string!');
});upload-files.js

由於參照定義了檔案的完整路徑，因此請務必檔案就會上傳至非空白路徑

新增檔案中繼資料

上傳檔案時，您也可以指定該檔案的中繼資料。這項中繼資料包含一般檔案中繼資料屬性，例如 name、size、和 contentType (通常稱為 MIME 類型)。Cloud Storage 會從但如果您在中繼資料中指定 contentType，就會會覆寫自動偵測的類型如未指定 contentType 中繼資料，且檔案沒有副檔名，但預設值為 Cloud Storage 輸入 application/octet-stream。如要進一步瞭解檔案中繼資料，請參閱「使用檔案中繼資料」一節。

Web

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytes } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/mountains.jpg');

// Create file metadata including the content type
/** @type {any} */
const metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg',
};

// Upload the file and metadata
const uploadTask = uploadBytes(storageRef, file, metadata);storage_upload_metadata.js

Web

// Create file metadata including the content type
var metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg',
};

// Upload the file and metadata
var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/mountains.jpg').put(file, metadata);upload-files.js

管理上傳項目

除了開始上傳作業，您還可以使用 pause()、resume() 和 cancel() 方法暫停、繼續及取消上傳作業。撥打 pause() 或 resume() 會提高 pause 或 running 狀態變更。呼叫 cancel() 方法會導致上傳失敗並傳回錯誤代表上傳作業已取消。

Web

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytesResumable } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/mountains.jpg');

// Upload the file and metadata
const uploadTask = uploadBytesResumable(storageRef, file);

// Pause the upload
uploadTask.pause();

// Resume the upload
uploadTask.resume();

// Cancel the upload
uploadTask.cancel();storage_manage_uploads.js

Web

// Upload the file and metadata
var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/mountains.jpg').put(file);

// Pause the upload
uploadTask.pause();

// Resume the upload
uploadTask.resume();

// Cancel the upload
uploadTask.cancel();upload-files.js

監控上傳進度

在上傳期間，上傳工作可能會在 state_changed 觀察器中觸發進度事件，例如：

事件類型	一般用量
`running`	這個事件會在工作開始或繼續上傳時觸發，且通常與 `pause` 事件搭配使用大型適用上傳這個事件可能會多次觸發進度更新。
`pause`	每次上傳暫停時，這項事件就會觸發，且通常會與 `running` 事件搭配使用。

事件發生時，系統會傳回 TaskSnapshot 物件。這張數據匯報是事件發生時，工作的不可變動檢視畫面。這個物件包含下列屬性：

屬性	類型	說明
`bytesTransferred`	`Number`	此時間已傳輸的位元組總數已拍攝快照
`totalBytes`	`Number`	預計上傳的位元組總數。
`state`	`firebase.storage.TaskState`	上傳作業目前的狀態。
`metadata`	`firebaseStorage.Metadata`	上傳完成之前，中繼資料會傳送至伺服器。上傳影片後完成後，伺服器傳回的中繼資料
`task`	`firebaseStorage.UploadTask`	這是工作快照，可用於「暫停」、「繼續」或「取消」工作。
`ref`	`firebaseStorage.Reference`	這項工作的參照。

狀態的變更，結合 TaskSnapshot 的屬性讓使用者以簡單而強大的方式監控上傳事件。

Web

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytesResumable, getDownloadURL } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/rivers.jpg');

const uploadTask = uploadBytesResumable(storageRef, file);

// Register three observers:
// 1. 'state_changed' observer, called any time the state changes
// 2. Error observer, called on failure
// 3. Completion observer, called on successful completion
uploadTask.on('state_changed', 
  (snapshot) => {
    // Observe state change events such as progress, pause, and resume
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    const progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case 'paused':
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case 'running':
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // Handle unsuccessful uploads
  }, 
  () => {
    // Handle successful uploads on complete
    // For instance, get the download URL: https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/...
    getDownloadURL(uploadTask.snapshot.ref).then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);storage_monitor_upload.js

Web

var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/rivers.jpg').put(file);

// Register three observers:
// 1. 'state_changed' observer, called any time the state changes
// 2. Error observer, called on failure
// 3. Completion observer, called on successful completion
uploadTask.on('state_changed', 
  (snapshot) => {
    // Observe state change events such as progress, pause, and resume
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    var progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.PAUSED: // or 'paused'
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.RUNNING: // or 'running'
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // Handle unsuccessful uploads
  }, 
  () => {
    // Handle successful uploads on complete
    // For instance, get the download URL: https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/...
    uploadTask.snapshot.ref.getDownloadURL().then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);upload-files.js

處理錯誤

導致上傳發生錯誤的原因有很多種，包括本機檔案不存在，或使用者無權上傳指定要上傳的檔案如要進一步瞭解錯誤，請前往處理錯誤一節。

完整範例

含有進度監控和錯誤處理機制的完整上傳示例如下所示：

Web

import { getStorage, ref, uploadBytesResumable, getDownloadURL } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();

// Create the file metadata
/** @type {any} */
const metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg'
};

// Upload file and metadata to the object 'images/mountains.jpg'
const storageRef = ref(storage, 'images/' + file.name);
const uploadTask = uploadBytesResumable(storageRef, file, metadata);

// Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload.
uploadTask.on('state_changed',
  (snapshot) => {
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    const progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case 'paused':
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case 'running':
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // A full list of error codes is available at
    // https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/handle-errors
    switch (error.code) {
      case 'storage/unauthorized':
        // User doesn't have permission to access the object
        break;
      case 'storage/canceled':
        // User canceled the upload
        break;

      // ...

      case 'storage/unknown':
        // Unknown error occurred, inspect error.serverResponse
        break;
    }
  }, 
  () => {
    // Upload completed successfully, now we can get the download URL
    getDownloadURL(uploadTask.snapshot.ref).then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);storage_upload_handle_error.js

Web

// Create the file metadata
var metadata = {
  contentType: 'image/jpeg'
};

// Upload file and metadata to the object 'images/mountains.jpg'
var uploadTask = storageRef.child('images/' + file.name).put(file, metadata);

// Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload.
uploadTask.on(firebase.storage.TaskEvent.STATE_CHANGED, // or 'state_changed'
  (snapshot) => {
    // Get task progress, including the number of bytes uploaded and the total number of bytes to be uploaded
    var progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) * 100;
    console.log('Upload is ' + progress + '% done');
    switch (snapshot.state) {
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.PAUSED: // or 'paused'
        console.log('Upload is paused');
        break;
      case firebase.storage.TaskState.RUNNING: // or 'running'
        console.log('Upload is running');
        break;
    }
  }, 
  (error) => {
    // A full list of error codes is available at
    // https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/handle-errors
    switch (error.code) {
      case 'storage/unauthorized':
        // User doesn't have permission to access the object
        break;
      case 'storage/canceled':
        // User canceled the upload
        break;

      // ...

      case 'storage/unknown':
        // Unknown error occurred, inspect error.serverResponse
        break;
    }
  }, 
  () => {
    // Upload completed successfully, now we can get the download URL
    uploadTask.snapshot.ref.getDownloadURL().then((downloadURL) => {
      console.log('File available at', downloadURL);
    });
  }
);upload-files.js

上傳檔案後，我們接著來學習如何下載出發地：Cloud Storage。