Cloud Firestore 提供強大的查詢功能,可讓您指定要從集合或集合群組中擷取哪些文件。這些查詢也可以搭配 get()
或 addSnapshotListener()
使用,如「取得資料」和「取得即時更新」所述。
資料範例
首先,請輸入一些關於城市的資料,讓我們看看如何以不同方式讀取這些資料:
Web
import { collection, doc, setDoc } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, "cities"); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "SF"), { name: "San Francisco", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 860000, regions: ["west_coast", "norcal"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "LA"), { name: "Los Angeles", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 3900000, regions: ["west_coast", "socal"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "DC"), { name: "Washington, D.C.", state: null, country: "USA", capital: true, population: 680000, regions: ["east_coast"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "TOK"), { name: "Tokyo", state: null, country: "Japan", capital: true, population: 9000000, regions: ["kanto", "honshu"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "BJ"), { name: "Beijing", state: null, country: "China", capital: true, population: 21500000, regions: ["jingjinji", "hebei"] });
Web
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.doc("SF").set({ name: "San Francisco", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 860000, regions: ["west_coast", "norcal"] }); citiesRef.doc("LA").set({ name: "Los Angeles", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 3900000, regions: ["west_coast", "socal"] }); citiesRef.doc("DC").set({ name: "Washington, D.C.", state: null, country: "USA", capital: true, population: 680000, regions: ["east_coast"] }); citiesRef.doc("TOK").set({ name: "Tokyo", state: null, country: "Japan", capital: true, population: 9000000, regions: ["kanto", "honshu"] }); citiesRef.doc("BJ").set({ name: "Beijing", state: null, country: "China", capital: true, population: 21500000, regions: ["jingjinji", "hebei"] });
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.document("SF").setData([ "name": "San Francisco", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 860000, "regions": ["west_coast", "norcal"] ]) citiesRef.document("LA").setData([ "name": "Los Angeles", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 3900000, "regions": ["west_coast", "socal"] ]) citiesRef.document("DC").setData([ "name": "Washington D.C.", "country": "USA", "capital": true, "population": 680000, "regions": ["east_coast"] ]) citiesRef.document("TOK").setData([ "name": "Tokyo", "country": "Japan", "capital": true, "population": 9000000, "regions": ["kanto", "honshu"] ]) citiesRef.document("BJ").setData([ "name": "Beijing", "country": "China", "capital": true, "population": 21500000, "regions": ["jingjinji", "hebei"] ])
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"SF"] setData:@{ @"name": @"San Francisco", @"state": @"CA", @"country": @"USA", @"capital": @(NO), @"population": @860000, @"regions": @[@"west_coast", @"norcal"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"LA"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Los Angeles", @"state": @"CA", @"country": @"USA", @"capital": @(NO), @"population": @3900000, @"regions": @[@"west_coast", @"socal"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"DC"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Washington D.C.", @"country": @"USA", @"capital": @(YES), @"population": @680000, @"regions": @[@"east_coast"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"TOK"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Tokyo", @"country": @"Japan", @"capital": @(YES), @"population": @9000000, @"regions": @[@"kanto", @"honshu"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"BJ"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Beijing", @"country": @"China", @"capital": @(YES), @"population": @21500000, @"regions": @[@"jingjinji", @"hebei"] }];
Kotlin+KTX
val cities = db.collection("cities") val data1 = hashMapOf( "name" to "San Francisco", "state" to "CA", "country" to "USA", "capital" to false, "population" to 860000, "regions" to listOf("west_coast", "norcal"), ) cities.document("SF").set(data1) val data2 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Los Angeles", "state" to "CA", "country" to "USA", "capital" to false, "population" to 3900000, "regions" to listOf("west_coast", "socal"), ) cities.document("LA").set(data2) val data3 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Washington D.C.", "state" to null, "country" to "USA", "capital" to true, "population" to 680000, "regions" to listOf("east_coast"), ) cities.document("DC").set(data3) val data4 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Tokyo", "state" to null, "country" to "Japan", "capital" to true, "population" to 9000000, "regions" to listOf("kanto", "honshu"), ) cities.document("TOK").set(data4) val data5 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Beijing", "state" to null, "country" to "China", "capital" to true, "population" to 21500000, "regions" to listOf("jingjinji", "hebei"), ) cities.document("BJ").set(data5)
Java
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities"); Map<String, Object> data1 = new HashMap<>(); data1.put("name", "San Francisco"); data1.put("state", "CA"); data1.put("country", "USA"); data1.put("capital", false); data1.put("population", 860000); data1.put("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "norcal")); cities.document("SF").set(data1); Map<String, Object> data2 = new HashMap<>(); data2.put("name", "Los Angeles"); data2.put("state", "CA"); data2.put("country", "USA"); data2.put("capital", false); data2.put("population", 3900000); data2.put("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "socal")); cities.document("LA").set(data2); Map<String, Object> data3 = new HashMap<>(); data3.put("name", "Washington D.C."); data3.put("state", null); data3.put("country", "USA"); data3.put("capital", true); data3.put("population", 680000); data3.put("regions", Arrays.asList("east_coast")); cities.document("DC").set(data3); Map<String, Object> data4 = new HashMap<>(); data4.put("name", "Tokyo"); data4.put("state", null); data4.put("country", "Japan"); data4.put("capital", true); data4.put("population", 9000000); data4.put("regions", Arrays.asList("kanto", "honshu")); cities.document("TOK").set(data4); Map<String, Object> data5 = new HashMap<>(); data5.put("name", "Beijing"); data5.put("state", null); data5.put("country", "China"); data5.put("capital", true); data5.put("population", 21500000); data5.put("regions", Arrays.asList("jingjinji", "hebei")); cities.document("BJ").set(data5);
Dart
final cities = db.collection("cities"); final data1 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "San Francisco", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 860000, "regions": ["west_coast", "norcal"] }; cities.doc("SF").set(data1); final data2 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Los Angeles", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 3900000, "regions": ["west_coast", "socal"], }; cities.doc("LA").set(data2); final data3 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Washington D.C.", "state": null, "country": "USA", "capital": true, "population": 680000, "regions": ["east_coast"] }; cities.doc("DC").set(data3); final data4 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Tokyo", "state": null, "country": "Japan", "capital": true, "population": 9000000, "regions": ["kanto", "honshu"] }; cities.doc("TOK").set(data4); final data5 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Beijing", "state": null, "country": "China", "capital": true, "population": 21500000, "regions": ["jingjinji", "hebei"], }; cities.doc("BJ").set(data5);
Java
Python
class City: def __init__(self, name, state, country, capital=False, population=0, regions=[]): self.name = name self.state = state self.country = country self.capital = capital self.population = population self.regions = regions @staticmethod def from_dict(source): # ... def to_dict(self): # ... def __repr__(self): return f"City(\ name={self.name}, \ country={self.country}, \ population={self.population}, \ capital={self.capital}, \ regions={self.regions}\ )"
cities_ref = db.collection("cities") cities_ref.document("BJ").set( City("Beijing", None, "China", True, 21500000, ["hebei"]).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("SF").set( City( "San Francisco", "CA", "USA", False, 860000, ["west_coast", "norcal"] ).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("LA").set( City( "Los Angeles", "CA", "USA", False, 3900000, ["west_coast", "socal"] ).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("DC").set( City("Washington D.C.", None, "USA", True, 680000, ["east_coast"]).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("TOK").set( City("Tokyo", None, "Japan", True, 9000000, ["kanto", "honshu"]).to_dict() )
Python
class City: def __init__(self, name, state, country, capital=False, population=0, regions=[]): self.name = name self.state = state self.country = country self.capital = capital self.population = population self.regions = regions @staticmethod def from_dict(source): # ... def to_dict(self): # ... def __repr__(self): return f"City(\ name={self.name}, \ country={self.country}, \ population={self.population}, \ capital={self.capital}, \ regions={self.regions}\ )"
cities_ref = db.collection("cities") await cities_ref.document("BJ").set( City("Beijing", None, "China", True, 21500000, ["hebei"]).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("SF").set( City( "San Francisco", "CA", "USA", False, 860000, ["west_coast", "norcal"] ).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("LA").set( City( "Los Angeles", "CA", "USA", False, 3900000, ["west_coast", "socal"] ).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("DC").set( City("Washington D.C.", None, "USA", True, 680000, ["east_coast"]).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("TOK").set( City("Tokyo", None, "Japan", True, 9000000, ["kanto", "honshu"]).to_dict() )
C++
CollectionReference cities = db->Collection("cities"); cities.Document("SF").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("San Francisco")}, {"state", FieldValue::String("CA")}, {"country", FieldValue::String("USA")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(false)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(860000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("norcal")})}, }); cities.Document("LA").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Los Angeles")}, {"state", FieldValue::String("CA")}, {"country", FieldValue::String("USA")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(false)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(3900000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("socal")})}, }); cities.Document("DC").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Washington D.C.")}, {"state", FieldValue::Null()}, {"country", FieldValue::String("USA")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(680000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("east_coast")})}, }); cities.Document("TOK").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Tokyo")}, {"state", FieldValue::Null()}, {"country", FieldValue::String("Japan")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(9000000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("kanto"), FieldValue::String("honshu")})}, }); cities.Document("BJ").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Beijing")}, {"state", FieldValue::Null()}, {"country", FieldValue::String("China")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(21500000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("jingjinji"), FieldValue::String("hebei")})}, });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); citiesRef.Document("SF").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "San Francisco" }, { "State", "CA" }, { "Country", "USA" }, { "Capital", false }, { "Population", 860000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"west_coast", "norcal"} } }); citiesRef.Document("LA").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Los Angeles" }, { "State", "CA" }, { "Country", "USA" }, { "Capital", false }, { "Population", 3900000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"west_coast", "socal"} } }); citiesRef.Document("DC").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Washington D.C." }, { "State", null }, { "Country", "USA" }, { "Capital", true }, { "Population", 680000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"east_coast"} } }); citiesRef.Document("TOK").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Tokyo" }, { "State", null }, { "Country", "Japan" }, { "Capital", true }, { "Population", 9000000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"kanto", "honshu"} } }); citiesRef.Document("BJ").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Beijing" }, { "State", null }, { "Country", "China" }, { "Capital", true }, { "Population", 21500000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"jingjinji", "hebei"} } });
C#
Ruby
簡易查詢
以下查詢會傳回所有狀態為 CA
的城市:
Web
// Create a reference to the cities collection import { collection, query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, "cities"); // Create a query against the collection. const q = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CA"));
Web
// Create a reference to the cities collection var citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. var query = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA");
Swift
// Create a reference to the cities collection let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") // Create a query against the collection. let query = citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
Objective-C
// Create a reference to the cities collection FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; // Create a query against the collection. FIRQuery *query = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"];
Kotlin+KTX
// Create a reference to the cities collection val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") // Create a query against the collection. val query = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
Java
// Create a reference to the cities collection CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. Query query = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
Dart
// Create a reference to the cities collection final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. final query = citiesRef.where("state", isEqualTo: "CA");
Java
Python
Python
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. Query query_ca = cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); Query query = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("State", "CA"); query.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread((querySnapshotTask) => { foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document {0} returned by query State=CA", documentSnapshot.Id)); } });
C#
Ruby
下列查詢會傳回所有首都:
Web
import { collection, query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, "cities"); const q = query(citiesRef, where("capital", "==", true));
Web
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); var query = citiesRef.where("capital", "==", true);
Swift
let capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true)
Objective-C
FIRQuery *capitalCities = [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES];
Kotlin+KTX
val capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("capital", true)
Java
Query capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("capital", true);
Dart
final capitalcities = db.collection("cities").where("capital", isEqualTo: true);
Java
Python
Python
C++
Query capital_cities = db->Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo( "capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); Query query = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("Capital", true); query.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread((querySnapshotTask) => { foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document {0} returned by query Capital=true", documentSnapshot.Id)); } });
C#
Ruby
執行查詢
建立查詢物件後,請使用 get()
函式擷取結果:
Web
import { collection, query, where, getDocs } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), where("capital", "==", true)); const querySnapshot = await getDocs(q); querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { // doc.data() is never undefined for query doc snapshots console.log(doc.id, " => ", doc.data()); });
Web
db.collection("cities").where("capital", "==", true) .get() .then((querySnapshot) => { querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { // doc.data() is never undefined for query doc snapshots console.log(doc.id, " => ", doc.data()); }); }) .catch((error) => { console.log("Error getting documents: ", error); });
Swift
do { let querySnapshot = try await db.collection("cities").whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true) .getDocuments() for document in querySnapshot.documents { print("\(document.documentID) => \(document.data())") } } catch { print("Error getting documents: \(error)") }
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@(YES)] getDocumentsWithCompletion:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) { if (error != nil) { NSLog(@"Error getting documents: %@", error); } else { for (FIRDocumentSnapshot *document in snapshot.documents) { NSLog(@"%@ => %@", document.documentID, document.data); } } }];
Kotlin+KTX
db.collection("cities") .whereEqualTo("capital", true) .get() .addOnSuccessListener { documents -> for (document in documents) { Log.d(TAG, "${document.id} => ${document.data}") } } .addOnFailureListener { exception -> Log.w(TAG, "Error getting documents: ", exception) }
Java
db.collection("cities") .whereEqualTo("capital", true) .get() .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) { Log.d(TAG, document.getId() + " => " + document.getData()); } } else { Log.d(TAG, "Error getting documents: ", task.getException()); } } });
Dart
db.collection("cities").where("capital", isEqualTo: true).get().then( (querySnapshot) { print("Successfully completed"); for (var docSnapshot in querySnapshot.docs) { print('${docSnapshot.id} => ${docSnapshot.data()}'); } }, onError: (e) => print("Error completing: $e"), );
Java
Python
Python
C++
db->Collection("cities") .WhereEqualTo("capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)) .Get() .OnCompletion([](const Future<QuerySnapshot>& future) { if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) { for (const DocumentSnapshot& document : future.result()->documents()) { std::cout << document << std::endl; } } else { std::cout << "Error getting documents: " << future.error_message() << std::endl; } });
Node.js
Go
PHP
PHP
如要進一步瞭解如何安裝及建立 Cloud Firestore 用戶端,請參閱 Cloud Firestore 用戶端程式庫。
Unity
Query capitalQuery = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("Capital", true); capitalQuery.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread(task => { QuerySnapshot capitalQuerySnapshot = task.Result; foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in capitalQuerySnapshot.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document data for {0} document:", documentSnapshot.Id)); Dictionary<string, object> city = documentSnapshot.ToDictionary(); foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city) { Debug.Log(String.Format("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value)); } // Newline to separate entries Debug.Log(""); }; });
C#
Ruby
如要進一步瞭解如何擷取查詢結果,請參閱「取得資料」一文。您也可以在查詢中新增監聽器,以便取得目前的結果,並監聽日後的更新。
查詢運算子
where()
方法有三個參數:篩選的欄位、比較運算子和值。Cloud Firestore 支援下列比較運算子:
- 比
<
低 <=
小於或等於==
等於>
大於>=
大於或等於!=
不等於array-contains
array-contains-any
in
not-in
例如:
Web
const stateQuery = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CA")); const populationQuery = query(citiesRef, where("population", "<", 100000)); const nameQuery = query(citiesRef, where("name", ">=", "San Francisco"));
Web
const stateQuery = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA"); const populationQuery = citiesRef.where("population", "<", 100000); const nameQuery = citiesRef.where("name", ">=", "San Francisco");
Swift
let stateQuery = citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA") let populationQuery = citiesRef.whereField("population", isLessThan: 100000) let nameQuery = citiesRef.whereField("name", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "San Francisco")
Objective-C
FIRQuery *stateQuery = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]; FIRQuery *populationQuery = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@100000]; FIRQuery *nameQuery = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"San Francisco"];
Kotlin+KTX
val stateQuery = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA") val populationQuery = citiesRef.whereLessThan("population", 100000) val nameQuery = citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco")
Java
Query stateQuery = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA"); Query populationQuery = citiesRef.whereLessThan("population", 100000); Query nameQuery = citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco");
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final stateQuery = citiesRef.where("state", isEqualTo: "CA"); final populationQuery = citiesRef.where("population", isLessThan: 100000); final nameQuery = citiesRef.where("name", isEqualTo: "San Francisco");
Java
Python
Python
C++
cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA")); cities_ref.WhereLessThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(100000)); cities_ref.WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", FieldValue::String("San Francisco"));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query stateQuery = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("State", "CA"); Query populationQuery = citiesRef.WhereGreaterThan("Population", 1000000); Query nameQuery = citiesRef.WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("Name", "San Francisco");
C#
Ruby
不相等 (!=
)
使用不相等 (!=
) 運算子,傳回包含指定欄位但不符合比較值的文件。例如:
Web
const notCapitalQuery = query(citiesRef, where("capital", "!=", false));
Web
citiesRef.where("capital", "!=", false);
Swift
let notEqualQuery = citiesRef.whereField("capital", isNotEqualTo: false)
Objective-C
query = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"capital" isNotEqualTo:@NO];
Kotlin+KTX
val notCapitalQuery = citiesRef.whereNotEqualTo("capital", false)
Java
Query notCapitalQuery = citiesRef.whereNotEqualTo("capital", false);
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final notCapitals = citiesRef.where("capital", isNotEqualTo: true);
Java
Python
// Snippet not yet available
C++
cities_ref.WhereNotEqualTo("capital", FieldValue::Boolean(false));
Node.js
Go
// Snippet not yet available
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotEqualTo("capital", false); Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotEqualTo("capital", false);
C#
// Snippet not yet available
Ruby
這項查詢會傳回每個 city
文件,其中 capital
欄位包含 false
或 null
以外的值。這包括 city
文件,其中 capital
欄位值等於 true
,或 null
以外的任何非布林值。
此查詢不會傳回 capital
欄位不存在的 city
文件。不等於 (!=
) 和 not-in
查詢會排除不含指定欄位的文件。
欄位設為任何值 (包括空白字串 ""
、null
和 NaN
) 時,就會存在。請注意,null
欄位值與 !=
子句不符,因為 x != null
會評估為 undefined
。
限制
請注意 !=
查詢的下列限制:
- 只有包含指定欄位的文件才能符合查詢。
- 您無法在複合式查詢中合併
not-in
和!=
。
陣列成員
您可以使用 array-contains
運算子,根據陣列值進行篩選。例如:
Web
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where("regions", "array-contains", "west_coast"));
Web
citiesRef.where("regions", "array-contains", "west_coast");
Swift
citiesRef .whereField("regions", arrayContains: "west_coast")
Objective-C
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" arrayContains:@"west_coast"];
Kotlin+KTX
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereArrayContains("regions", "west_coast")
Java
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.whereArrayContains("regions", "west_coast");
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final westCoastcities = citiesRef.where("regions", arrayContains: "west_coast");
Java
Python
Python
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); cities_ref.WhereArrayContains("region", FieldValue::String("west_coast"));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); Query arrayContainsQuery = citiesRef.WhereArrayContains("region", "west_coast");
C#
Ruby
這項查詢會傳回每個 city
文件,其中 regions
欄位是包含 west_coast
的陣列。如果陣列含有多個您要查詢的值,則文件只會在結果中列出一次。
每個並非或 (or
群組) 最多只能使用一個 array-contains
子句。您無法在同一個不等式中結合 array-contains
和 array-contains-any
。
in
、not-in
和 array-contains-any
使用 in
運算子,將同一個欄位的等於 (==
) 子句與邏輯 OR
結合,最多可達 30 個。in
查詢會傳回指定欄位與任一比較值相符的文件。例如:
Web
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('country', 'in', ['USA', 'Japan']));
Web
citiesRef.where('country', 'in', ['USA', 'Japan']);
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereField("country", in: ["USA", "Japan"])
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"country" in:@[@"USA", @"Japan"]];
Kotlin+KTX
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereIn("country", listOf("USA", "Japan"))
Java
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.whereIn("country", Arrays.asList("USA", "Japan"));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef.where("country", whereIn: ["USA", "Japan"]);
Java
Python
Python
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); cities_ref.WhereIn("country", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("USA"), FieldValue::String("Japan") });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); ListcountriesList = new List<object>() {"USA", "Japan"}; Query whereInQuery = citiesRef.WhereIn("country", countriesList);
C#
Ruby
這項查詢會傳回 city
文件,其中 country
欄位設為 USA
或 Japan
。以範例資料來說,這包括 SF
、LA
、DC
和 TOK
文件。
not-in
使用 not-in
運算子,將邏輯 AND
與同一欄位上最多 10 個不等於 (!=
) 子句結合。not-in
查詢會傳回包含指定欄位的文件,但該欄位不是 null
,且不符合任何比較值。例如:
Web
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('country', 'not-in', ['USA', 'Japan']));
Web
citiesRef.where('country', 'not-in', ['USA', 'Japan']);
Swift
citiesRef.whereField("country", notIn: ["USA", "Japan"])
Objective-C
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"country" notIn:@[@"USA", @"Japan"]];
Kotlin+KTX
citiesRef.whereNotIn("country", listOf("USA", "Japan"))
Java
citiesRef.whereNotIn("country", Arrays.asList("USA", "Japan"));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef.where("country", whereNotIn: ["USA", "Japan"]);
Java
Python
// Snippet not yet available
C++
cities_ref.WhereNotIn("country", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("USA"), FieldValue::String("Japan") });
Node.js
Go
// Snippet not yet available
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotIn(new FieldPath("country"), new List<string>{"USA", "Japan"}); Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotIn("country", new List<object>(){"USA", "Japan"});
C#
// Snippet not yet available
Ruby
這項查詢會傳回每份 city
文件,其中 country
欄位存在且未設為 USA
、Japan
或 null
。以範例資料來說,這包括 London
和 Hong Kong
文件。
not-in
查詢會排除不含指定欄位的文件。欄位設為任何值 (包括空白字串 ""
、null
和 NaN
) 時,就會存在。請注意,x != null
的評估結果為 undefined
。not-in
查詢中,null
為其中一個比較值,但未與任何文件相符。
array-contains-any
使用 array-contains-any
運算子,將同一個欄位的 array-contains
子句與邏輯 OR
結合,最多可達 30 個。array-contains-any
查詢會傳回文件,其中指定的欄位為陣列,且陣列包含一或多個比較值:
Web
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('regions', 'array-contains-any', ['west_coast', 'east_coast']));
Web
citiesRef.where('regions', 'array-contains-any', ['west_coast', 'east_coast']);
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereField("regions", arrayContainsAny: ["west_coast", "east_coast"])
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"regions" arrayContainsAny:@[@"west_coast", @"east_coast"]];
Kotlin+KTX
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereArrayContainsAny("regions", listOf("west_coast", "east_coast"))
Java
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.whereArrayContainsAny("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "east_coast"));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef .where("regions", arrayContainsAny: ["west_coast", "east_coast"]);
Java
Python
Python
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); cities_ref.WhereArrayContainsAny("region", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("east_coast") });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereArrayContainsAny( "regions", new List<object>() { new List<object>(){"west_coast"}, new List<object>(){"east_coast"}});
C#
Ruby
這項查詢會傳回每個城市文件,其中 regions
欄位是包含 west_coast
或 east_coast
的陣列。以範例資料來說,這包括 SF
、LA
和 DC
文件。
array-contains-any
的結果已去除重複項目。即使文件的陣列欄位與多個比較值相符,結果集仍只會納入該文件一次。
array-contains-any
一律會依陣列資料類型進行篩選。舉例來說,上述查詢不會傳回城市文件,而是陣列,其中 regions
欄位是字串 west_coast
。
您可以使用陣列值做為 in
的比較值,但與 array-contains-any
不同的是,這個子句會比對陣列長度、順序和值是否完全相符。例如:
Web
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('regions', 'in', [['west_coast'], ['east_coast']]));
Web
citiesRef.where('regions', 'in', [['west_coast'], ['east_coast']]);
Swift
citiesRef.whereField("regions", in: [["west_coast"], ["east_coast"]])
Objective-C
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"regions" in:@[@[@"west_coast"], @[@"east_coast"]]];
Kotlin+KTX
citiesRef.whereIn("regions", listOf(arrayOf("west_coast"), arrayOf("east_coast")))
Java
citiesRef.whereIn("regions", Arrays.asList(new String[]{"west_coast"}, new String[]{"east_coast"}));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef.where("regions", whereIn: [ ["west_coast"], ["east_coast"] ]);
Java
Python
Python
C++
cities_ref.WhereIn("region", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("east_coast") });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereIn(new FieldPath("regions"), new List<string>{"west_coast", "east_coast"});
C#
Ruby
這項查詢會傳回每個城市文件,其中 regions
欄位為陣列,且陣列中只包含 west_coast
或 east_coast
的一個元素。根據範例資料,只有 DC
文件符合條件,其 regions
欄位為 ["east_coast"]
。不過,SF
文件不符合條件,因為其 regions
欄位為 ["west_coast", "norcal"]
。
限制
請注意下列 in
、not-in
和 array-contains-any
的限制:
- Cloud Firestore 透過
or
、in
和array-contains-any
運算子支援邏輯OR
查詢。這些查詢僅限於根據查詢的析取式正規化形式,進行 30 次析取。 - 每個並非或 (
or
群組) 最多只能使用一個array-contains
子句。您無法在同一個不等式中結合array-contains
和array-contains-any
。 - 您無法將
not-in
與不等於!=
合併。 not-in
最多支援 10 個比較值。
複合 (AND
) 查詢
您可以連結多個等號運算子 (==
或 array-contains
),將限制條件與邏輯 AND
結合。不過,您必須建立複合索引,才能將等號運算子與不等號運算子 <
、<=
、>
和 !=
結合。
Web
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q1 = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CO"), where("name", "==", "Denver")); const q2 = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CA"), where("population", "<", 1000000));
Web
const q1 = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CO").where("name", "==", "Denver"); const q2 = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA").where("population", "<", 1000000);
Swift
citiesRef .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CO") .whereField("name", isEqualTo: "Denver") citiesRef .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA") .whereField("population", isLessThan: 1000000)
Objective-C
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CO"] queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"Denver"]; [[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"] queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@1000000];
Kotlin+KTX
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CO").whereEqualTo("name", "Denver") citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA").whereLessThan("population", 1000000)
Java
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CO").whereEqualTo("name", "Denver"); citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA").whereLessThan("population", 1000000);
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef .where("state", isEqualTo: "CO") .where("name", isEqualTo: "Denver"); citiesRef .where("state", isEqualTo: "CA") .where("population", isLessThan: 1000000);
Java
Python
Python
C++
cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CO")) .WhereEqualTo("name", FieldValue::String("Denver")); cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA")) .WhereLessThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(1000000));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query chainedQuery = citiesRef .WhereEqualTo("State", "CA") .WhereEqualTo("Name", "San Francisco");
C#
Ruby
OR
個查詢
您可以將限制條件與邏輯 OR
結合。例如:
Web
const q = query(citiesRef, or(where('capital', '==', true), where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) );
Web
不適用。
Swift
let query = db.collection("cities").whereFilter(Filter.orFilter([ Filter.whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter.whereField("population", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: 1000000); ]))
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *collection = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; FIRQuery *query = [collection queryWhereFilter:[FIRFilter orFilterWithFilters:@[ [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES], [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@1000000] ]]];
Kotlin+KTX
val query = collection.where(Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ))
Java
Query query = collection.where(Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ));
Dart
var query = db.collection("cities").where( Filter.or( Filter("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000), ), );
Java
程式碼片段無法使用。
Python
Python
程式碼片段無法使用。
C++
程式碼片段無法使用。
Node.js
const bigCities = await citiesRef .where( Filter.or( Filter.where('capital', '==', true), Filter.where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) ) .get();
Go
PHP
程式碼片段無法使用。
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.Where(Filter.Or( Filter.EqualTo("State", "CA"), Filter.GreaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) )); query.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread((querySnapshotTask) => { foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document {0} returned by query State=CA or population >= {1}", documentSnapshot.Id, 1000000)); } });
C#
程式碼片段無法使用。
Ruby
程式碼片段無法使用。
Cloud Firestore 會使用複合式索引來提供 OR
查詢。如果索引不支援查詢,Cloud Firestore
會建議為資料庫建立其他索引。
您可以將 OR
查詢與複合式查詢結合,藉此篩選 OR
和 AND
運算的組合。例如:
Web
const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), and( where('state', '==', 'CA'), or( where('capital', '==', true), where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) ));
Web
不適用。
Swift
let query = db.collection("cities").whereFilter(Filter.andFilter([ Filter.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA"), Filter.orFilter([ Filter.whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter.whereField("population", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: 1000000); ]) ]))
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *collection = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; FIRQuery *query = [collection queryWhereFilter:[FIRFilter andFilterWithFilters:@[ [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"], [FIRFilter orFilterWithFilters:@[ [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES], [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@1000000] ]] ]]];
Kotlin+KTX
val query = collection.where(Filter.and( Filter.equalTo("state", "CA"), Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ) ))
Java
Query query = collection.where(Filter.and( Filter.equalTo("state", "CA"), Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ) ));
Dart
var query = db.collection("cities").where( Filter.and( Filter("state", isEqualTo: "CA"), Filter.or( Filter("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000), ), ), );
Java
程式碼片段無法使用。
Python
程式碼片段無法使用。
Python
程式碼片段無法使用。
C++
程式碼片段無法使用。
Node.js
const bigCitiesInCalifornia = await citiesRef .where('state', '==', 'CA') .where( Filter.or( Filter.where('capital', '==', true), Filter.where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) ) .get();
Go
程式碼片段無法使用。
PHP
程式碼片段無法使用。
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.Where(Filter.And( Filter.EqualTo("state", "CA"), Filter.Or( Filter.EqualTo("capital", true), Filter.GreaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ) ));
C#
程式碼片段無法使用。
Ruby
程式碼片段無法使用。
限制
請注意 or
查詢的下列限制:
- Cloud Firestore 會限制查詢的析取正規形式最多 30 個析取式。執行多個
OR
群組的AND
時,較有可能達到這個上限。 - 您無法在同一個查詢中將
not-in
與in
、array-contains-any
或or
結合。
如需限制的完整說明,請參閱「查詢限制」。
集合群組查詢
集合群組包含 ID 相同的所有集合。根據預設,查詢會從資料庫中的單一集合擷取結果。使用集合群組查詢,從集合群組擷取文件,而非從單一集合擷取。
舉例來說,您可以為每個城市新增地標子集合,藉此建立 landmarks
集合群組:
Web
import { collection, addDoc } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, 'cities'); await Promise.all([ addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'SF', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Golden Gate Bridge', type: 'bridge' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'SF', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Legion of Honor', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'LA', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Griffith Park', type: 'park' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'LA', 'landmarks'), { name: 'The Getty', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'DC', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Lincoln Memorial', type: 'memorial' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'DC', 'landmarks'), { name: 'National Air and Space Museum', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'TOK', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Ueno Park', type: 'park' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'TOK', 'landmarks'), { name: 'National Museum of Nature and Science', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'BJ', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Jingshan Park', type: 'park' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'BJ', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Beijing Ancient Observatory', type: 'museum' }) ]);
Web
var citiesRef = db.collection('cities'); var landmarks = Promise.all([ citiesRef.doc('SF').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Golden Gate Bridge', type: 'bridge' }), citiesRef.doc('SF').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Legion of Honor', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('LA').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Griffith Park', type: 'park' }), citiesRef.doc('LA').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'The Getty', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('DC').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Lincoln Memorial', type: 'memorial' }), citiesRef.doc('DC').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'National Air and Space Museum', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('TOK').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Ueno Park', type: 'park' }), citiesRef.doc('TOK').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'National Museum of Nature and Science', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('BJ').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Jingshan Park', type: 'park' }), citiesRef.doc('BJ').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Beijing Ancient Observatory', type: 'museum' }) ]);
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") var data = ["name": "Golden Gate Bridge", "type": "bridge"] citiesRef.document("SF").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "Legion of Honor", "type": "museum"] citiesRef.document("SF").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "Griffith Park", "type": "park"] citiesRef.document("LA").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "The Getty", "type": "museum"] citiesRef.document("LA").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "Lincoln Memorial", "type": "memorial"] citiesRef.document("DC").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "National Air and Space Museum", "type": "museum"] citiesRef.document("DC").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "Ueno Park", "type": "park"] citiesRef.document("TOK").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "National Museum of Nature and Science", "type": "museum"] citiesRef.document("TOK").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "Jingshan Park", "type": "park"] citiesRef.document("BJ").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data) data = ["name": "Beijing Ancient Observatory", "type": "museum"] citiesRef.document("BJ").collection("landmarks").addDocument(data: data)
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; NSDictionary *data = @{@"name": @"Golden Gate Bridge", @"type": @"bridge"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"SF"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"Legion of Honor", @"type": @"museum"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"SF"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"Griffith Park", @"type": @"park"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"LA"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"The Getty", @"type": @"museum"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"LA"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"Lincoln Memorial", @"type": @"memorial"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"DC"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"National Air and Space Museum", @"type": @"museum"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"DC"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"Ueno Park", @"type": @"park"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"TOK"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"National Museum of Nature and Science", @"type": @"museum"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"TOK"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"Jingshan Park", @"type": @"park"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"BJ"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data]; data = @{@"name": @"Beijing Ancient Observatory", @"type": @"museum"}; [[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"BJ"] collectionWithPath:@"landmarks"] addDocumentWithData:data];
Kotlin+KTX
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") val ggbData = mapOf( "name" to "Golden Gate Bridge", "type" to "bridge", ) citiesRef.document("SF").collection("landmarks").add(ggbData) val lohData = mapOf( "name" to "Legion of Honor", "type" to "museum", ) citiesRef.document("SF").collection("landmarks").add(lohData) val gpData = mapOf( "name" to "Griffth Park", "type" to "park", ) citiesRef.document("LA").collection("landmarks").add(gpData) val tgData = mapOf( "name" to "The Getty", "type" to "museum", ) citiesRef.document("LA").collection("landmarks").add(tgData) val lmData = mapOf( "name" to "Lincoln Memorial", "type" to "memorial", ) citiesRef.document("DC").collection("landmarks").add(lmData) val nasaData = mapOf( "name" to "National Air and Space Museum", "type" to "museum", ) citiesRef.document("DC").collection("landmarks").add(nasaData) val upData = mapOf( "name" to "Ueno Park", "type" to "park", ) citiesRef.document("TOK").collection("landmarks").add(upData) val nmData = mapOf( "name" to "National Musuem of Nature and Science", "type" to "museum", ) citiesRef.document("TOK").collection("landmarks").add(nmData) val jpData = mapOf( "name" to "Jingshan Park", "type" to "park", ) citiesRef.document("BJ").collection("landmarks").add(jpData) val baoData = mapOf( "name" to "Beijing Ancient Observatory", "type" to "musuem", ) citiesRef.document("BJ").collection("landmarks").add(baoData)
Java
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); Map<String, Object> ggbData = new HashMap<>(); ggbData.put("name", "Golden Gate Bridge"); ggbData.put("type", "bridge"); citiesRef.document("SF").collection("landmarks").add(ggbData); Map<String, Object> lohData = new HashMap<>(); lohData.put("name", "Legion of Honor"); lohData.put("type", "museum"); citiesRef.document("SF").collection("landmarks").add(lohData); Map<String, Object> gpData = new HashMap<>(); gpData.put("name", "Griffith Park"); gpData.put("type", "park"); citiesRef.document("LA").collection("landmarks").add(gpData); Map<String, Object> tgData = new HashMap<>(); tgData.put("name", "The Getty"); tgData.put("type", "museum"); citiesRef.document("LA").collection("landmarks").add(tgData); Map<String, Object> lmData = new HashMap<>(); lmData.put("name", "Lincoln Memorial"); lmData.put("type", "memorial"); citiesRef.document("DC").collection("landmarks").add(lmData); Map<String, Object> nasaData = new HashMap<>(); nasaData.put("name", "National Air and Space Museum"); nasaData.put("type", "museum"); citiesRef.document("DC").collection("landmarks").add(nasaData); Map<String, Object> upData = new HashMap<>(); upData.put("name", "Ueno Park"); upData.put("type", "park"); citiesRef.document("TOK").collection("landmarks").add(upData); Map<String, Object> nmData = new HashMap<>(); nmData.put("name", "National Museum of Nature and Science"); nmData.put("type", "museum"); citiesRef.document("TOK").collection("landmarks").add(nmData); Map<String, Object> jpData = new HashMap<>(); jpData.put("name", "Jingshan Park"); jpData.put("type", "park"); citiesRef.document("BJ").collection("landmarks").add(jpData); Map<String, Object> baoData = new HashMap<>(); baoData.put("name", "Beijing Ancient Observatory"); baoData.put("type", "museum"); citiesRef.document("BJ").collection("landmarks").add(baoData);
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final ggbData = {"name": "Golden Gate Bridge", "type": "bridge"}; citiesRef.doc("SF").collection("landmarks").add(ggbData); final lohData = {"name": "Legion of Honor", "type": "museum"}; citiesRef.doc("SF").collection("landmarks").add(lohData); final gpData = {"name": "Griffth Park", "type": "park"}; citiesRef.doc("LA").collection("landmarks").add(gpData); final tgData = {"name": "The Getty", "type": "museum"}; citiesRef.doc("LA").collection("landmarks").add(tgData); final lmData = {"name": "Lincoln Memorial", "type": "memorial"}; citiesRef.doc("DC").collection("landmarks").add(lmData); final nasaData = { "name": "National Air and Space Museum", "type": "museum" }; citiesRef.doc("DC").collection("landmarks").add(nasaData); final upData = {"name": "Ueno Park", "type": "park"}; citiesRef.doc("TOK").collection("landmarks").add(upData); final nmData = { "name": "National Musuem of Nature and Science", "type": "museum" }; citiesRef.doc("TOK").collection("landmarks").add(nmData); final jpData = {"name": "Jingshan Park", "type": "park"}; citiesRef.doc("BJ").collection("landmarks").add(jpData); final baoData = {"name": "Beijing Ancient Observatory", "type": "musuem"}; citiesRef.doc("BJ").collection("landmarks").add(baoData);
Java
Python
Python
C++
// Get a new write batch WriteBatch batch = db->batch(); DocumentReference sf_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF"); batch.Set(sf_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("Golden Gate Bridge")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("bridge")}}); batch.Set(sf_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("Legion of Honor")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("museum")}}); DocumentReference la_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("LA"); batch.Set(la_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("Griffith Park")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("park")}}); batch.Set(la_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("The Getty")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("museum")}}); DocumentReference dc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("DC"); batch.Set(dc_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("Lincoln Memorial")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("memorial")}}); batch.Set(dc_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("National Air and Space Museum")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("museum")}}); DocumentReference tok_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("TOK"); batch.Set(tok_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("Ueno Park")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("park")}}); batch.Set(tok_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("National Museum of Nature and Science")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("museum")}}); DocumentReference bj_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("BJ"); batch.Set(bj_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("Jingshan Park")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("park")}}); batch.Set(bj_ref,{{"name", FieldValue::String("Beijing Ancient Observatory")}, {"type", FieldValue::String("museum")}}); // Commit the batch batch.Commit().OnCompletion([](const Future<void>& future) { if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) { std::cout << "Write batch success!" << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Write batch failure: " << future.error_message() << std::endl; } });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
List<Task<DocumentReference>> futures = new List<Task<DocumentReference>>(){ citiesRef .Document("SF") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "Golden Gate Bridge"}, {"type", "bridge"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("SF") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "Legion of Honor"}, {"type", "museum"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("LA") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "Griffith Park"}, {"type", "park"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("LA") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "The Getty"}, {"type", "museum"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("DC") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "Lincoln Memorial"}, {"type", "memorial"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("DC") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "National Air and Space Museum"}, {"type", "museum"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("TOK") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "Ueno Park"}, {"type", "park"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("TOK") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "National Museum of Nature and Science"}, {"type", "museum"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("BJ") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "Jingshan Park"}, {"type", "park"}, } ), citiesRef .Document("BJ") .Collection("landmarks") .AddAsync( new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"name", "Beijing Ancient Observatory"}, {"type", "museum"}, } )}; DocumentReference[] landmarks = Task.WhenAll(futures).Result;
C#
Ruby
我們可以使用前述的簡單和複合查詢來查詢單一城市的 landmarks
子集合,但您可能也想一次從每個城市的 landmarks
子集合中擷取結果。
landmarks
集合群組包含 ID 為 landmarks
的所有集合,您可以使用集合群組查詢來查詢該群組。例如,這項集合群組查詢會擷取所有城市的所有 museum
地標:
Web
import { collectionGroup, query, where, getDocs } from "firebase/firestore"; const museums = query(collectionGroup(db, 'landmarks'), where('type', '==', 'museum')); const querySnapshot = await getDocs(museums); querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { console.log(doc.id, ' => ', doc.data()); });
Web
var museums = db.collectionGroup('landmarks').where('type', '==', 'museum'); museums.get().then((querySnapshot) => { querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { console.log(doc.id, ' => ', doc.data()); }); });
Swift
db.collectionGroup("landmarks").whereField("type", isEqualTo: "museum").getDocuments { (snapshot, error) in // ... }
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionGroupWithID:@"landmarks"] queryWhereField:@"type" isEqualTo:@"museum"] getDocumentsWithCompletion:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) { // ... }];
Kotlin+KTX
db.collectionGroup("landmarks").whereEqualTo("type", "museum").get() .addOnSuccessListener { queryDocumentSnapshots -> // ... }
Java
db.collectionGroup("landmarks").whereEqualTo("type", "museum").get() .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<QuerySnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(QuerySnapshot queryDocumentSnapshots) { // ... } });
Dart
db .collectionGroup("landmarks") .where("type", isEqualTo: "museum") .get() .then( (res) => print("Successfully completed"), onError: (e) => print("Error completing: $e"), );
Java
Python
Python
C++
db->CollectionGroup("landmarks") .WhereEqualTo("type", FieldValue::String("museum")).Get() .OnCompletion([](const firebase::Future<QuerySnapshot>& future) { if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) { for (const DocumentSnapshot& document : future.result()->documents()) { std::cout << document << std::endl; } } else { std::cout << "Error getting documents: " << future.error_message() << std::endl; } });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query museums = db.CollectionGroup("landmarks").WhereEqualTo("type", "museum"); museums.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread((querySnapshotTask) => { foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document {0} returned by query State=CA", documentSnapshot.Id)); } });
C#
Ruby
使用集合群組查詢前,您必須建立可支援集合群組查詢的索引。您可以透過錯誤訊息、控制台或 Firebase CLI 建立索引。
針對網頁和行動 SDK,您也必須建立允許收集群組查詢的規則。
說明查詢效能
Cloud Firestore 可讓您評估後端查詢的效能,並換取後端查詢執行作業的詳細效能統計資料。
查詢說明結果可協助您瞭解查詢的執行方式,並顯示效率不佳的情形和可能的伺服器端瓶頸位置。
詳情請參閱查詢說明指南。
查詢限制
下表列出 Cloud Firestore 查詢的限制:
- Cloud Firestore 透過
or
、in
和array-contains-any
運算子支援邏輯OR
查詢。這些查詢僅限於根據查詢的析取式正規化形式,進行 30 次析取。 - 每個並非或 (
or
群組) 最多只能使用一個array-contains
子句。您無法在同一個不等式中結合array-contains
和array-contains-any
。 - 您無法在同一個查詢中將
not-in
與in
、array-contains-any
或or
結合。 - 每個查詢只能使用一個
not-in
或!=
。 not-in
最多支援 10 個比較值。- 查詢中篩選器、排序順序和父項文件路徑 (子集合為 1,根集合為 0) 的總和不得超過 100。計算方式是根據查詢的析取正規形式。
- 如果查詢含有不等式篩選器,表示會依據該欄位排序,並篩選該欄位的存在性。
OR
查詢限制
為避免查詢的運算成本過高,Cloud Firestore 會限制可結合的 AND
和 OR
子句數量。為套用此限制,Cloud Firestore 會將執行邏輯 OR
作業 (or
、in
和 array-contains-any
) 的查詢轉換為析取規範式 (也稱為 AND
的 OR
)。Cloud Firestore 會將查詢限制為析取正規形式中最多 30 個析取式。
析取正規化形式
Cloud Firestore 會套用兩個規則,將查詢轉換為選取式標準形式:
Flatten
假設條件為
A
、B
和C
:A and (B and C) => A and B and C
-
假設條件為
A
、B
、C
和D
:A and (B or C) => (A and B) or (A and C)
(A or B) and (C or D) => (A and C) or (A and D) or (B and C) or (B and D)
將這些規則套用至 in
和 array-contains-any
查詢時,請記住這些運算子是 OR
的縮寫。例如,a in [1,2]
是 a = 1 OR a = 2
的簡寫。
以下範例顯示不同查詢的不相容數量:
查詢 | 否定連接詞數量 |
---|---|
query(collectionRef, where("a", "==", 1)) |
1 |
query(collectionRef, or( where("a", "==", 1), where("b", "==", 2) )) |
2 |
query(collectionRef, or( and( where("a", "==", 1), where("c", "==", 3) ), and( where("a", "==", 1), where("d", "==", 4) ), and( where("b", "==", 2), where("c", "==", 3) ), and( where("b", "==", 2), where("d", "==", 4) ) ) ) |
4 |
query(collectionRef, and( or( where("a", "==", 1), where("b", "==", 2) ), or( where("c", "==", 3), where("d", "==", 4) ) ) ) |
4 這項查詢的析取正規形式等於上述查詢。 |
query(collectionRef, where("a", "in", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]) ) |
10 |
query(collectionRef, and( where("a", "in", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]), where("b", "in", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]) ) ) |
50 這項查詢會傳回錯誤,因為它超過 30 個聯立條件的限制。 |
query(collectionRef, or( where("a", "in", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]), where("b", "in", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]) ) ) |
20 |
query(collectionRef, and( where("a", "in", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]), or( where("b", "==", 2), where("c", "==", 3) ) ) ) |
10 |
orderBy
和存在
依指定欄位排序查詢時,查詢只能傳回包含排序欄位的文件。
舉例來說,即使符合查詢篩選條件的文件未設定 population
欄位,以下查詢也不會傳回這些文件。
Java
db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("country", “USA”).orderBy(“population”);
相關效果適用於不等式。如果查詢包含欄位上的不等式篩選器,則也表示會依據該欄位排序。即使文件中含有 country = USA
,下列查詢也不會傳回沒有 population
欄位的文件。解決方法是針對每個排序執行個別查詢,或是為排序依據的所有欄位指派值。
Java
db.collection(“cities”).where(or(“country”, USA”), greaterThan(“population”, 250000));
上述查詢包含不等式上的隱含排序依據,等同於以下查詢:
Java
db.collection(“cities”).where(or(“country”, USA”), greaterThan(“population”, 250000)).orderBy(“population”);
後續步驟
- 瞭解如何排序及限制查詢結果中的資料。
- 只想計算結果時,請使用 Save 讀取。