透過 Cloud Firestore 取得即時更新資訊

您可以使用 onSnapshot() 方法「監聽」文件。使用您提供的回呼進行初始呼叫時，系統會立即建立含有單一文件目前內容的文件快照。接著，每次內容變更時，另一個呼叫就會更新文件快照。

Web

import { doc, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsub = onSnapshot(doc(db, "cities", "SF"), (doc) => {
    console.log("Current data: ", doc.data());
});
listen_document.js

Web

db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot((doc) => {
        console.log("Current data: ", doc.data());
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
  .addSnapshotListener { documentSnapshot, error in
    guard let document = documentSnapshot else {
      print("Error fetching document: \(error!)")
      return
    }
    guard let data = document.data() else {
      print("Document data was empty.")
      return
    }
    print("Current data: \(data)")
  }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching document: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSLog(@"Current data: %@", snapshot.data);
    }];
ViewController.m

Kotlin+KTX

val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener { snapshot, e ->
    if (e != null) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
        return@addSnapshotListener
    }

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Current data: ${snapshot.data}")
    } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "Current data: null")
    }
}
DocSnippets.kt

Java

final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
            return;
        }

        if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Current data: " + snapshot.getData());
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "Current data: null");
        }
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final docRef = db.collection("cities").doc("SF");
docRef.snapshots().listen(
      (event) => print("current data: ${event.data()}"),
      onError: (error) => print("Listen failed: $error"),
    );

firestore.dart

您通常會希望 UI 對 Firestore 文件或集合內容的變更做出反應。您可以使用採用 Firestore 快照串流的 StreamBuilder 小工具來執行這項操作：

class UserInformation extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _UserInformationState createState() => _UserInformationState();
}

class _UserInformationState extends State<UserInformation> {
  final Stream<QuerySnapshot> _usersStream =
      FirebaseFirestore.instance.collection('users').snapshots();

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return StreamBuilder<QuerySnapshot>(
      stream: _usersStream,
      builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<QuerySnapshot> snapshot) {
        if (snapshot.hasError) {
          return const Text('Something went wrong');
        }

        if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.waiting) {
          return const Text("Loading");
        }

        return ListView(
          children: snapshot.data!.docs
              .map((DocumentSnapshot document) {
                Map<String, dynamic> data =
                    document.data()! as Map<String, dynamic>;
                return ListTile(
                  title: Text(data['full_name']),
                  subtitle: Text(data['company']),
                );
              })
              .toList()
              .cast(),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}
user_info_streambuilder.dart
Java
DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(
    new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
      @Override
      public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot, @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
          System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
          return;
        }

        if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
          System.out.println("Current data: " + snapshot.getData());
        } else {
          System.out.print("Current data: null");
        }
      }
    });
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
callback_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(doc_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    for doc in doc_snapshot:
        print(f"Received document snapshot: {doc.id}")
    callback_done.set()

doc_ref = db.collection("cities").document("SF")

# Watch the document
doc_watch = doc_ref.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)
snippets.py
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener(
    [](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot, Error error, const std::string& errorMsg) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        if (snapshot.exists()) {
          std::cout << "Current data: " << snapshot << std::endl;
        } else {
          std::cout << "Current data: null" << std::endl;
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << std::endl;
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const doc = db.collection('cities').doc('SF');

const observer = doc.onSnapshot(docSnapshot => {
  console.log(`Received doc snapshot: ${docSnapshot}`);
  // ...
}, err => {
  console.log(`Encountered error: ${err}`);
});
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenDocument listens to a single document.
func listenDocument(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	// Сontext with timeout stops listening to changes.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Doc("SF").Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// DeadlineExceeded will be returned when ctx is cancelled.
		if status.Code(err) == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %w", err)
		}
		if !snap.Exists() {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Document no longer exists\n")
			return nil
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Received document snapshot: %v\n", snap.Data())
	}
}

listen_document.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
docRef.Listen(snapshot => {
    Debug.Log("Callback received document snapshot.");
    Debug.Log(String.Format("Document data for {0} document:", snapshot.Id));
    Dictionary<string, object> city = snapshot.ToDictionary();
    foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city) {
        Debug.Log(String.Format("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value));
    }
});
C#
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
FirestoreChangeListener listener = docRef.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("Callback received document snapshot.");
    Console.WriteLine("Document exists? {0}", snapshot.Exists);
    if (snapshot.Exists)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Document data for {0} document:", snapshot.Id);
        Dictionary<string, object> city = snapshot.ToDictionary();
        foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value);
        }
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
doc_ref = firestore.col(collection_path).doc document_path
snapshots = []

# Watch the document.
listener = doc_ref.listen do |snapshot|
  puts "Received document snapshot: #{snapshot.document_id}"
  snapshots << snapshot
end
query_watch.rb

本機變更的事件

應用程式中的本機寫入作業會立即叫用快照事件監聽器。這是因為「延遲補償」這個重要功能。執行寫入作業時，系統會在資料傳送至後端「之前」通知監聽器新資料。

擷取的文件含有 metadata.hasPendingWrites 屬性，可指出文件是否含有尚未寫入後端的本機變更。您可以使用這個屬性，判斷快照事件監聽器收到的事件來源：

Web

import { doc, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsub = onSnapshot(doc(db, "cities", "SF"), (doc) => {
  const source = doc.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server";
  console.log(source, " data: ", doc.data());
});
listen_document_local.js

Web

db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot((doc) => {
        var source = doc.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server";
        console.log(source, " data: ", doc.data());
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
  .addSnapshotListener { documentSnapshot, error in
    guard let document = documentSnapshot else {
      print("Error fetching document: \(error!)")
      return
    }
    let source = document.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server"
    print("\(source) data: \(document.data() ?? [:])")
  }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching document: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSString *source = snapshot.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? @"Local" : @"Server";
      NSLog(@"%@ data: %@", source, snapshot.data);
    }];
ViewController.m

Kotlin+KTX

val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener { snapshot, e ->
    if (e != null) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
        return@addSnapshotListener
    }

    val source = if (snapshot != null && snapshot.metadata.hasPendingWrites()) {
        "Local"
    } else {
        "Server"
    }

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
        Log.d(TAG, "$source data: ${snapshot.data}")
    } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "$source data: null")
    }
}
DocSnippets.kt

Java

final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
            return;
        }

        String source = snapshot != null && snapshot.getMetadata().hasPendingWrites()
                ? "Local" : "Server";

        if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
            Log.d(TAG, source + " data: " + snapshot.getData());
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, source + " data: null");
        }
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final docRef = db.collection("cities").doc("SF");
docRef.snapshots().listen(
  (event) {
    final source = (event.metadata.hasPendingWrites) ? "Local" : "Server";
    print("$source data: ${event.data()}");
  },
  onError: (error) => print("Listen failed: $error"),
);

firestore.dart
Java
# Not yet supported in the Java client library
Python
// Not yet supported in Python client library
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener([](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot,
                               Error error, const std::string& errorMsg) {
  if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
    const char* source =
        snapshot.metadata().has_pending_writes() ? "Local" : "Server";
    if (snapshot.exists()) {
      std::cout << source << " data: " << snapshot.Get("name").string_value()
                << std::endl;
    } else {
      std::cout << source << " data: null" << std::endl;
    }
  } else {
    std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << std::endl;
  }
});
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Not yet supported in the Node.js client library
Go
// Not yet supported in the Go client library
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
docRef.Listen(
  snapshot =>
  {
      string source = (snapshot != null && snapshot.Metadata.HasPendingWrites) ? "Local" : "Server";
      string snapshotData = "null";
      if (snapshot != null && snapshot.Exists)
      {
          System.Text.StringBuilder builder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
          IDictionary<string, object> dict = snapshot.ToDictionary();
          foreach (var KVPair in dict)
          {
              builder.Append($"{KVPair.Key}: {KVPair.Value}\n");
          }
          snapshotData = builder.ToString();
      }
      Debug.Log($"{source} data: ${snapshotData}");
  });
C#
// Not yet supported in the C# client library
Ruby
// Not yet supported in the Ruby client library

中繼資料變更事件

監聽文件、集合或查詢的變更時，您可以傳遞選項來控制事件監聽器收到的事件精細程度。

根據預設，當變更只會影響中繼資料時，事件監聽器不會收到通知。 請考慮應用程式寫入新文件時會發生的情況：

  1. 新的資料會立即觸發變更事件。文件尚未寫入後端，因此「待寫入」標記為 true。
  2. 將文件寫入後端。
  3. 後端會通知用戶端寫入成功。文件資料並未變更，但中繼資料有所變更，因為「待寫入」標記現在為 false。

如果您想在文件或查詢中繼資料變更時接收快照事件，請在附加事件監聽器時傳遞 Listen 選項物件。

Web

import { doc, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsub = onSnapshot(
  doc(db, "cities", "SF"), 
  { includeMetadataChanges: true }, 
  (doc) => {
    // ...
  });
listen_with_metadata.js

Web

db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot({
        // Listen for document metadata changes
        includeMetadataChanges: true
    }, (doc) => {
        // ...
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
// Listen to document metadata.
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
  .addSnapshotListener(includeMetadataChanges: true) { documentSnapshot, error in
    // ...
  }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
// Listen for metadata changes.
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListenerWithIncludeMetadataChanges:YES
                                         listener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
   // ...
}];
ViewController.m

Kotlin+KTX

// Listen for metadata changes to the document.
val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE) { snapshot, e ->
    // ...
}
DocSnippets.kt

Java

// Listen for metadata changes to the document.
DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE, new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        // ...
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final docRef = db.collection("cities").doc("SF");
docRef.snapshots(includeMetadataChanges: true).listen((event) {
  // ...
});
firestore.dart
Java
// Not yet supported in the Java client library
Python
// Not yet supported in Python client library
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener(
    MetadataChanges::kInclude,
    [](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot, Error error, const std::string& errorMsg) { /* ... */ });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Not yet supported the Node.js client library
Go
// Not yet supported in the Go client library
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
docRef.Listen(MetadataChanges.Include, snapshot =>
{
    // ...
});
C#
// Not yet supported in the C# client library
Ruby
// Not yet supported in the Ruby client library

只為本機變更設定監聽器

Cloud Firestore 快照事件監聽器會從本機快取擷取初始快照，並同時從伺服器擷取對應的資料。

在某些情況下，您可能不想從伺服器擷取後續內容。您可以使用用戶端 SDK 設定監聽器，只針對本機快取中的資料觸發。這有助於避免不必要的伺服器呼叫和相關費用，並善用用戶端快取，反映本機資料和變異。

在此情況下，快照選項會在用戶端程式碼中設定，以便只監聽本機變更。

Web

const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(
   doc(db, "cities", "SF"),
    { 
      includeMetadataChanges: true,
      source:'cache'
     },
    (documentSnapshot) => {//…}
  );

Web

// Not yet supported in the Web namespaced API

Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
// Set up listener options
let options = SnapshotListenOptions()
    .withSource(ListenSource.cache)
    .withIncludeMetadataChanges(true)
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
  .addSnapshotListener(options: options) { documentSnapshot, error in
    // ...
  }
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
// Set up listener options
FIRSnapshotListenOptions *options = [[FIRSnapshotListenOptions alloc] init];
FIRSnapshotListenOptions *optionsWithSourceAndMetadata = 
                    [[options optionsWithIncludeMetadataChanges:YES] 
                      optionsWithSource:FIRListenSourceCache];
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
  addSnapshotListenerWithOptions:optionsWithSourceAndMetadata
  listener: ^ (FIRDocumentSnapshot * snapshot, NSError * error) {
    //…
  }
];

Kotlin+KTX

// Set up listener options
val options = SnapshotListenOptions.Builder()
  .setMetadataChanges(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE)
  .setSource(ListenSource.CACHE)
  .build();
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
  .addSnapshotListener(options) { snapshot, error ->
    //…
  }

Java

// Set up listener options
SnapshotListenOptions options = new SnapshotListenOptions.Builder()
  .setMetadataChanges(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE)
  .setSource(ListenSource.CACHE)
  .build();
db.collection("cities").document("SF").addSnapshotListener(options, new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    //…
  });

Dart

// Not yet supported in this client library

Java
# Not yet supported in the Java client library
Python
// Not yet supported in Python client library
C++
// Not yet supported in the C++ client library
Node.js
// Not yet supported in the Node.js client library
Go
// Not yet supported in the Go client library
PHP
// Not yet supported in the PHP client library
Unity
// Not yet supported in the Unity client library
C#
// Not yet supported in the C# client library
Ruby
// Not yet supported in the Ruby client library

聆聽集合中的多份文件

如同文件一樣，您可以使用 onSnapshot() 而非 get() 來監聽查詢結果。這會建立查詢快照。舉例來說，如要收聽狀態為 CA 的文件：

Web

import { collection, query, where, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), where("state", "==", "CA"));
const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(q, (querySnapshot) => {
  const cities = [];
  querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => {
      cities.push(doc.data().name);
  });
  console.log("Current cities in CA: ", cities.join(", "));
});
listen_multiple.js

Web

db.collection("cities").where("state", "==", "CA")
    .onSnapshot((querySnapshot) => {
        var cities = [];
        querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => {
            cities.push(doc.data().name);
        });
        console.log("Current cities in CA: ", cities.join(", "));
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
db.collection("cities").whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
  .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
    guard let documents = querySnapshot?.documents else {
      print("Error fetching documents: \(error!)")
      return
    }
    let cities = documents.compactMap { $0["name"] }
    print("Current cities in CA: \(cities)")
  }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching documents: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSMutableArray *cities = [NSMutableArray array];
      for (FIRDocumentSnapshot *document in snapshot.documents) {
        [cities addObject:document.data[@"name"]];
      }
      NSLog(@"Current cities in CA: %@", cities);
    }];
ViewController.m

Kotlin+KTX

db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener { value, e ->
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
            return@addSnapshotListener
        }

        val cities = ArrayList<String>()
        for (doc in value!!) {
            doc.getString("name")?.let {
                cities.add(it)
            }
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "Current cites in CA: $cities")
    }
DocSnippets.kt

Java

db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot value,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
                    return;
                }

                List<String> cities = new ArrayList<>();
                for (QueryDocumentSnapshot doc : value) {
                    if (doc.get("name") != null) {
                        cities.add(doc.getString("name"));
                    }
                }
                Log.d(TAG, "Current cites in CA: " + cities);
            }
        });
DocSnippets.java

Dart

db
    .collection("cities")
    .where("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .snapshots()
    .listen((event) {
  final cities = [];
  for (var doc in event.docs) {
    cities.add(doc.data()["name"]);
  }
  print("cities in CA: ${cities.join(", ")}");
});
firestore.dart
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener(
        new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
          @Override
          public void onEvent(
              @Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots, @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
            if (e != null) {
              System.err.println("Listen failed:" + e);
              return;
            }

            List<String> cities = new ArrayList<>();
            for (DocumentSnapshot doc : snapshots) {
              if (doc.get("name") != null) {
                cities.add(doc.getString("name"));
              }
            }
            System.out.println("Current cites in CA: " + cities);
          }
        });
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
callback_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(col_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    print("Callback received query snapshot.")
    print("Current cities in California:")
    for doc in col_snapshot:
        print(f"{doc.id}")
    callback_done.set()

col_query = db.collection("cities").where(filter=FieldFilter("state", "==", "CA"))

# Watch the collection query
query_watch = col_query.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)

snippets.py
C++
db->Collection("cities")
    .WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"))
    .AddSnapshotListener([](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error, const std::string& errorMsg) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        std::vector<std::string> cities;
        std::cout << "Current cities in CA: " << error << std::endl;
        for (const DocumentSnapshot& doc : snapshot.documents()) {
          cities.push_back(doc.Get("name").string_value());
          std::cout << "" << cities.back() << std::endl;
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << std::endl;
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const query = db.collection('cities').where('state', '==', 'CA');

const observer = query.onSnapshot(querySnapshot => {
  console.log(`Received query snapshot of size ${querySnapshot.size}`);
  // ...
}, err => {
  console.log(`Encountered error: ${err}`);
});
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenMultiple listens to a query, returning the names of all cities
// for a state.
func listenMultiple(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Where("state", "==", "CA").Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// DeadlineExceeded will be returned when ctx is cancelled.
		if status.Code(err) == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %w", err)
		}
		if snap != nil {
			for {
				doc, err := snap.Documents.Next()
				if err == iterator.Done {
					break
				}
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("Documents.Next: %w", err)
				}
				fmt.Fprintf(w, "Current cities in California: %v\n", doc.Ref.ID)
			}
		}
	}
}

listen_multiple.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

ListenerRegistration listener = query.Listen(snapshot => {
  Debug.Log("Callback received query snapshot.");
  Debug.Log("Current cities in California:");
  foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in snapshot.Documents) {
    Debug.Log(documentSnapshot.Id);
  }
});
C#
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

FirestoreChangeListener listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("Callback received query snapshot.");
    Console.WriteLine("Current cities in California:");
    foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in snapshot.Documents)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(documentSnapshot.Id);
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
query = firestore.col(collection_path).where :state, :==, "CA"
docs = []

# Watch the collection query.
listener = query.listen do |snapshot|
  puts "Callback received query snapshot."
  puts "Current cities in California:"
  snapshot.docs.each do |doc|
    puts doc.document_id
    docs << doc
  end
end
query_watch.rb

每當查詢結果變更 (也就是新增、移除或修改文件時)，快照處理程序就會收到新的查詢快照。

查看快照之間的變更

查看查詢快照之間的查詢結果實際變更內容，通常比單純使用整個查詢快照更有用。舉例來說，您可能會在新增、移除及修改個別文件時，維持快取。

Web

import { collection, query, where, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), where("state", "==", "CA"));
const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(q, (snapshot) => {
  snapshot.docChanges().forEach((change) => {
    if (change.type === "added") {
        console.log("New city: ", change.doc.data());
    }
    if (change.type === "modified") {
        console.log("Modified city: ", change.doc.data());
    }
    if (change.type === "removed") {
        console.log("Removed city: ", change.doc.data());
    }
  });
});
listen_diffs.js

Web

db.collection("cities").where("state", "==", "CA")
    .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
        snapshot.docChanges().forEach((change) => {
            if (change.type === "added") {
                console.log("New city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
            if (change.type === "modified") {
                console.log("Modified city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
            if (change.type === "removed") {
                console.log("Removed city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
        });
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
db.collection("cities").whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
  .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
    guard let snapshot = querySnapshot else {
      print("Error fetching snapshots: \(error!)")
      return
    }
    snapshot.documentChanges.forEach { diff in
      if (diff.type == .added) {
        print("New city: \(diff.document.data())")
      }
      if (diff.type == .modified) {
        print("Modified city: \(diff.document.data())")
      }
      if (diff.type == .removed) {
        print("Removed city: \(diff.document.data())")
      }
    }
  }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching documents: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      for (FIRDocumentChange *diff in snapshot.documentChanges) {
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeAdded) {
          NSLog(@"New city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeModified) {
          NSLog(@"Modified city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeRemoved) {
          NSLog(@"Removed city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
      }
    }];
ViewController.m

Kotlin+KTX

db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e)
            return@addSnapshotListener
        }

        for (dc in snapshots!!.documentChanges) {
            when (dc.type) {
                DocumentChange.Type.ADDED -> Log.d(TAG, "New city: ${dc.document.data}")
                DocumentChange.Type.MODIFIED -> Log.d(TAG, "Modified city: ${dc.document.data}")
                DocumentChange.Type.REMOVED -> Log.d(TAG, "Removed city: ${dc.document.data}")
            }
        }
    }
DocSnippets.kt

Java

db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e);
                    return;
                }

                for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
                    switch (dc.getType()) {
                        case ADDED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                        case MODIFIED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "Modified city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                        case REMOVED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "Removed city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                    }
                }

            }
        });
DocSnippets.java

Dart

db
    .collection("cities")
    .where("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .snapshots()
    .listen((event) {
  for (var change in event.docChanges) {
    switch (change.type) {
      case DocumentChangeType.added:
        print("New City: ${change.doc.data()}");
        break;
      case DocumentChangeType.modified:
        print("Modified City: ${change.doc.data()}");
        break;
      case DocumentChangeType.removed:
        print("Removed City: ${change.doc.data()}");
        break;
    }
  }
});
firestore.dart
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener(
        new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
          @Override
          public void onEvent(
              @Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots, @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
            if (e != null) {
              System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
              return;
            }

            for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
              switch (dc.getType()) {
                case ADDED:
                  System.out.println("New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                  break;
                case MODIFIED:
                  System.out.println("Modified city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                  break;
                case REMOVED:
                  System.out.println("Removed city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                  break;
                default:
                  break;
              }
            }
          }
        });
ListenDataSnippets.java
C++
db->Collection("cities")
    .WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"))
    .AddSnapshotListener([](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error, const std::string& errorMsg) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        for (const DocumentChange& dc : snapshot.DocumentChanges()) {
          switch (dc.type()) {
            case DocumentChange::Type::kAdded:
              std::cout << "New city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << std::endl;
              break;
            case DocumentChange::Type::kModified:
              std::cout << "Modified city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << std::endl;
              break;
            case DocumentChange::Type::kRemoved:
              std::cout << "Removed city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << std::endl;
              break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << std::endl;
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
delete_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(col_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    print("Callback received query snapshot.")
    print("Current cities in California: ")
    for change in changes:
        if change.type.name == "ADDED":
            print(f"New city: {change.document.id}")
        elif change.type.name == "MODIFIED":
            print(f"Modified city: {change.document.id}")
        elif change.type.name == "REMOVED":
            print(f"Removed city: {change.document.id}")
            delete_done.set()

col_query = db.collection("cities").where(filter=FieldFilter("state", "==", "CA"))

# Watch the collection query
query_watch = col_query.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)

snippets.py
Node.js
const observer = db.collection('cities').where('state', '==', 'CA')
  .onSnapshot(querySnapshot => {
    querySnapshot.docChanges().forEach(change => {
      if (change.type === 'added') {
        console.log('New city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
      if (change.type === 'modified') {
        console.log('Modified city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
      if (change.type === 'removed') {
        console.log('Removed city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
    });
  });
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenChanges listens to a query, returning the list of document changes.
func listenChanges(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Where("state", "==", "CA").Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// DeadlineExceeded will be returned when ctx is cancelled.
		if status.Code(err) == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %w", err)
		}
		if snap != nil {
			for _, change := range snap.Changes {
				switch change.Kind {
				case firestore.DocumentAdded:
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "New city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				case firestore.DocumentModified:
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Modified city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				case firestore.DocumentRemoved:
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Removed city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

listen_changes.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

ListenerRegistration listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    foreach (DocumentChange change in snapshot.GetChanges())
    {
        if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Added)
        {
            Debug.Log(String.Format("New city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Modified)
        {
            Debug.Log(String.Format("Modified city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Removed)
        {
            Debug.Log(String.Format("Removed city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
        }
    }
});
C#
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

FirestoreChangeListener listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    foreach (DocumentChange change in snapshot.Changes)
    {
        if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Added")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("New city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Modified")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Modified city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Removed")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Removed city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
query = firestore.col(collection_path).where :state, :==, "CA"
added = []
modified = []
removed = []

# Watch the collection query.
listener = query.listen do |snapshot|
  puts "Callback received query snapshot."
  puts "Current cities in California:"
  snapshot.changes.each do |change|
    if change.added?
      puts "New city: #{change.doc.document_id}"
      added << snapshot
    elsif change.modified?
      puts "Modified city: #{change.doc.document_id}"
      modified << snapshot
    elsif change.removed?
      puts "Removed city: #{change.doc.document_id}"
      removed << snapshot
    end
  end
end
query_watch.rb

初始狀態可以直接來自伺服器，也可以來自本機快取。如果本機快取中有可用的狀態，查詢快照一開始會填入快取資料，然後在用戶端隨著伺服器的狀態更新時，以伺服器的資料進行更新。

卸離監聽器

如果您不想再監聽資料，則必須卸離事件監聽器，以停止呼叫事件回呼。這樣一來，用戶端就不會再使用頻寬接收更新。例如：

Web

import { collection, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(collection(db, "cities"), () => {
  // Respond to data
  // ...
});

// Later ...

// Stop listening to changes
unsubscribe();
detach_listener.js

Web

var unsubscribe = db.collection("cities")
    .onSnapshot(() => {
      // Respond to data
      // ...
    });

// Later ...

// Stop listening to changes
unsubscribe();
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
let listener = db.collection("cities").addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
  // ...
}

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
listener.remove()
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
id<FIRListenerRegistration> listener = [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      // ...
}];

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
[listener remove];
ViewController.m

Kotlin+KTX

val query = db.collection("cities")
val registration = query.addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
    // ...
}

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove()
DocSnippets.kt

Java

Query query = db.collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.addSnapshotListener(
        new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            // ...
        });

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove();
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final collection = db.collection("cities");
final listener = collection.snapshots().listen((event) {
  // ...
});
listener.cancel();
firestore.dart
Java
Query query = db.collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration =
    query.addSnapshotListener(
        new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
          // ...
        });

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove();
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python
# Terminate watch on a document
doc_watch.unsubscribe()
snippets.py
C++
// Add a listener
Query query = db->Collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.AddSnapshotListener(
    [](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error, const std::string& errorMsg) { /* ... */ });
// Stop listening to changes
registration.Remove();
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const unsub = db.collection('cities').onSnapshot(() => {
});

// ...

// Stop listening for changes
unsub();
index.js
Go
// Сontext with timeout stops listening to changes.
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
defer cancel()
listen_document.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
listener.Stop();
C#
await listener.StopAsync();
Program.cs
Ruby
listener.stop
query_watch.rb

處理監聽錯誤

監聽有時可能會失敗，例如基於安全性權限，或您嘗試監聽無效的查詢。(進一步瞭解有效和無效查詢)。如要處理這些失敗情形，您可以在附加快照事件監聽器時提供錯誤回呼。發生錯誤後，事件監聽器就不會再接收任何事件，因此您不需要卸載事件監聽器。

Web

import { collection, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(
  collection(db, "cities"), 
  (snapshot) => {
    // ...
  },
  (error) => {
    // ...
  });
handle_listen_errors.js

Web

db.collection("cities")
    .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
        // ...
    }, (error) => {
        // ...
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
db.collection("cities")
  .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
    if let error = error {
      print("Error retreiving collection: \(error)")
    }
  }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
注意：這項產品不適用於 watchOS 和 App Clip 目標。
[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (error != nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error retreving collection: %@", error);
      }
    }];
ViewController.m

Kotlin+KTX

db.collection("cities")
    .addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e)
            return@addSnapshotListener
        }

        for (dc in snapshots!!.documentChanges) {
            if (dc.type == DocumentChange.Type.ADDED) {
                Log.d(TAG, "New city: ${dc.document.data}")
            }
        }
    }
DocSnippets.kt

Java

db.collection("cities")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e);
                    return;
                }

                for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
                    if (dc.getType() == Type.ADDED) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                    }
                }

            }
        });
DocSnippets.java

Dart

final docRef = db.collection("cities");
docRef.snapshots().listen(
      (event) => print("listener attached"),
      onError: (error) => print("Listen failed: $error"),
    );
firestore.dart
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .addSnapshotListener(
        new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
          @Override
          public void onEvent(
              @Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots, @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
            if (e != null) {
              System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
              return;
            }

            for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
              if (dc.getType() == Type.ADDED) {
                System.out.println("New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
              }
            }
          }
        });
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python
// Snippet coming soon
C++
// Snippet coming soon.
Node.js
db.collection('cities')
  .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
    //...
  }, (error) => {
    //...
  });
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenErrors demonstrates how to handle listening errors.
func listenErrors(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// Canceled will be returned when ctx is cancelled and DeadlineExceeded will
		// be returned when ctx reaches its deadline.
		if e := status.Code(err); e == codes.Canceled || e == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %w", err)
		}
		if snap != nil {
			for _, change := range snap.Changes {
				if change.Kind == firestore.DocumentAdded {
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "New city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

listen_errors.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
ListenerRegistration registration =
db.Collection("cities").Listen(
  querySnapshot =>
  {
      // ...
  });

registration.ListenerTask.ContinueWithOnMainThread(
    listenerTask =>
    {
        if (listenerTask.IsFaulted)
        {
            Debug.LogError($"Listen failed: {listenerTask.Exception}");
            // ...
            // Handle the listener error.
            // ...
        }
    });
C#
// Snippet coming soon
Ruby
listener = firestore.col(collection_path).listen do |snapshot|
  snapshot.changes.each do |change|
    puts "New city: #{change.doc.document_id}" if change.added?
  end
end

# Register to be notified when unhandled errors occur.
listener.on_error do |error|
  puts "Listen failed: #{error.message}"
end
query_watch.rb

後續步驟