分布式计数器

许多实时应用都有作为计数器的文档。例如，您可能会统计某个帖子的“顶”次数或某件商品的“收藏”数。

在 Cloud Firestore 中，每个文档只能以大约每秒一次的频率更新，这个频率对于某些高流量应用来说可能太低了。

解决方案：分布式计数器

为了能够更频繁地更新计数器，您可以创建分布式计数器。每个计数器都是一个包含“碎片”子集合的文档，计数器的值就是这些碎片值的总和。

写入吞吐量随碎片数量线性增长，因此具有 10 个碎片的分布式计数器可以处理的写入量是传统计数器的 10 倍。

网页

// counters/${ID}
{
  "num_shards": NUM_SHARDS,
  "shards": [subcollection]
}

// counters/${ID}/shards/${NUM}
{
  "count": 123
}

Swift

// counters/${ID}
struct Counter {
    let numShards: Int

    init(numShards: Int) {
        self.numShards = numShards
    }
}

// counters/${ID}/shards/${NUM}
struct Shard {
    let count: Int

    init(count: Int) {
        self.count = count
    }
}SolutionCountersViewController.swift

Objective-C

// counters/${ID}
@interface FIRCounter : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSInteger shardCount;
@end

@implementation FIRCounter
- (instancetype)initWithShardCount:(NSInteger)shardCount {
  self = [super init];
  if (self != nil) {
    _shardCount = shardCount;
  }
  return self;
}
@end

// counters/${ID}/shards/${NUM}
@interface FIRShard : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSInteger count;
@end

@implementation FIRShard
- (instancetype)initWithCount:(NSInteger)count {
  self = [super init];
  if (self != nil) {
    _count = count;
  }
  return self;
}
@endFIRSolutionCountersViewController.m

Java

// counters/${ID}
public class Counter {
    int numShards;

    public Counter(int numShards) {
        this.numShards = numShards;
    }
}

// counters/${ID}/shards/${NUM}
public class Shard {
    int count;

    public Shard(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }
}SolutionCounters.java

Kotlin

// counters/${ID}
data class Counter(var numShards: Int)

// counters/${ID}/shards/${NUM}
data class Shard(var count: Int)SolutionCounters.kt

以下代码示范了分布式计数器的初始化：

网页

function createCounter(ref, num_shards) {
    var batch = db.batch();

    // Initialize the counter document
    batch.set(ref, { num_shards: num_shards });

    // Initialize each shard with count=0
    for (let i = 0; i < num_shards; i++) {
        let shardRef = ref.collection('shards').doc(i.toString());
        batch.set(shardRef, { count: 0 });
    }

    // Commit the write batch
    return batch.commit();
}test.solution-counters.js

Swift

func createCounter(ref: DocumentReference, numShards: Int) {
    ref.setData(["numShards": numShards]){ (err) in
        for i in 0...numShards {
            ref.collection("shards").document(String(i)).setData(["count": 0])
        }
    }
}SolutionCountersViewController.swift

Objective-C

- (void)createCounterAtReference:(FIRDocumentReference *)reference
                      shardCount:(NSInteger)shardCount {
  [reference setData:@{ @"numShards": @(shardCount) } completion:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < shardCount; i++) {
      NSString *shardName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", (long)shardCount];
      [[[reference collectionWithPath:@"shards"] documentWithPath:shardName]
          setData:@{ @"count": @(0) }];
    }
  }];
}FIRSolutionCountersViewController.m

Java

public Task<Void> createCounter(final DocumentReference ref, final int numShards) {
    // Initialize the counter document, then initialize each shard.
    return ref.set(new Counter(numShards))
            .continueWithTask(new Continuation<Void, Task<Void>>() {
                @Override
                public Task<Void> then(@NonNull Task<Void> task) throws Exception {
                    if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
                        throw task.getException();
                    }

                    List<Task<Void>> tasks = new ArrayList<>();

                    // Initialize each shard with count=0
                    for (int i = 0; i < numShards; i++) {
                        Task<Void> makeShard = ref.collection("shards")
                                .document(String.valueOf(i))
                                .set(new Shard(0));

                        tasks.add(makeShard);
                    }

                    return Tasks.whenAll(tasks);
                }
            });
}SolutionCounters.java

Kotlin

fun createCounter(ref: DocumentReference, numShards: Int): Task<Void> {
    // Initialize the counter document, then initialize each shard.
    return ref.set(Counter(numShards))
            .continueWithTask { task ->
                if (!task.isSuccessful) {
                    throw task.exception!!
                }

                val tasks = arrayListOf<Task<Void>>()

                // Initialize each shard with count=0
                for (i in 0 until numShards) {
                    val makeShard = ref.collection("shards")
                            .document(i.toString())
                            .set(Shard(0))

                    tasks.add(makeShard)
                }

                Tasks.whenAll(tasks)
            }
}SolutionCounters.kt

如需增加计数器的值，请随机选择一个碎片并增加计数：

Web

function incrementCounter(db, ref, num_shards) {
    // Select a shard of the counter at random
    const shard_id = Math.floor(Math.random() * num_shards).toString();
    const shard_ref = ref.collection('shards').doc(shard_id);

    // Update count
    return shard_ref.update("count", firebase.firestore.FieldValue.increment(1));
}test.solution-counters.js

Swift

func incrementCounter(ref: DocumentReference, numShards: Int) {
    // Select a shard of the counter at random
    let shardId = Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(numShards)))
    let shardRef = ref.collection("shards").document(String(shardId))

    shardRef.updateData([
        "count": FieldValue.increment(Int64(1))
    ])
}SolutionCountersViewController.swift

Objective-C

- (void)incrementCounterAtReference:(FIRDocumentReference *)reference
                         shardCount:(NSInteger)shardCount {
  // Select a shard of the counter at random
  NSInteger shardID = (NSInteger)arc4random_uniform((uint32_t)shardCount);
  NSString *shardName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", (long)shardID];
  FIRDocumentReference *shardReference =
      [[reference collectionWithPath:@"shards"] documentWithPath:shardName];

  [shardReference updateData:@{
    @"count": [FIRFieldValue fieldValueForIntegerIncrement:1]
  }];
}FIRSolutionCountersViewController.m

Java

public Task<Void> incrementCounter(final DocumentReference ref, final int numShards) {
    int shardId = (int) Math.floor(Math.random() * numShards);
    DocumentReference shardRef = ref.collection("shards").document(String.valueOf(shardId));

    return shardRef.update("count", FieldValue.increment(1));
}SolutionCounters.java

Kotlin

fun incrementCounter(ref: DocumentReference, numShards: Int): Task<Void> {
    val shardId = Math.floor(Math.random() * numShards).toInt()
    val shardRef = ref.collection("shards").document(shardId.toString())

    return shardRef.update("count", FieldValue.increment(1))
}SolutionCounters.kt

要获得总计数，请查询所有碎片并对其 count 字段进行求和：

网页

function getCount(ref) {
    // Sum the count of each shard in the subcollection
    return ref.collection('shards').get().then(snapshot => {
        let total_count = 0;
        snapshot.forEach(doc => {
            total_count += doc.data().count;
        });

        return total_count;
    });
}test.solution-counters.js

Swift

func getCount(ref: DocumentReference) {
    ref.collection("shards").getDocuments() { (querySnapshot, err) in
        var totalCount = 0
        if err != nil {
            // Error getting shards
            // ...
        } else {
            for document in querySnapshot!.documents {
                let count = document.data()["count"] as! Int
                totalCount += count
            }
        }

        print("Total count is \(totalCount)")
    }
}SolutionCountersViewController.swift

Objective-C

- (void)getCountWithReference:(FIRDocumentReference *)reference {
  [[reference collectionWithPath:@"shards"]
      getDocumentsWithCompletion:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot,
                                   NSError *error) {
        NSInteger totalCount = 0;
        if (error != nil) {
          // Error getting shards
          // ...
        } else {
          for (FIRDocumentSnapshot *document in snapshot.documents) {
            NSInteger count = [document[@"count"] integerValue];
            totalCount += count;
          }

          NSLog(@"Total count is %ld", (long)totalCount);
        }
  }];
}FIRSolutionCountersViewController.m

Java

public Task<Integer> getCount(final DocumentReference ref) {
    // Sum the count of each shard in the subcollection
    return ref.collection("shards").get()
            .continueWith(new Continuation<QuerySnapshot, Integer>() {
                @Override
                public Integer then(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) throws Exception {
                    int count = 0;
                    for (DocumentSnapshot snap : task.getResult()) {
                        Shard shard = snap.toObject(Shard.class);
                        count += shard.count;
                    }
                    return count;
                }
            });
}SolutionCounters.java

Kotlin

fun getCount(ref: DocumentReference): Task<Int> {
    // Sum the count of each shard in the subcollection
    return ref.collection("shards").get()
            .continueWith { task ->
                var count = 0
                for (snap in task.result!!) {
                    val shard = snap.toObject(Shard::class.java)
                    count += shard.count
                }
                count
            }
}SolutionCounters.kt

限制

上述解决方案是在 Cloud Firestore 中创建共享计数器的一种可扩展方法，但您应该了解以下限制：

碎片数 - 碎片数量决定着分布式计数器的性能。如果碎片太少，某些事务可能需要重试才能成功，这会减慢写入速度。如果碎片太多，读取速度会减慢，费用也会增加。
费用 - 读取计数器值的费用随碎片数量线性增加，这是因为必须加载整个碎片子集合。