在 iOS 上使用 ML Kit 偵測臉孔

你可以使用 ML Kit 偵測圖片和影片中的臉孔。

事前準備

1. 如果尚未將 Firebase 加入應用程式，請按照下列步驟操作： 入門指南中的步驟。
2. 在 Podfile 中加入 ML Kit 程式庫：

   pod 'Firebase/MLVision', '6.25.0'
   # If you want to detect face contours (landmark detection and classification
   # don't require this additional model):
   pod 'Firebase/MLVisionFaceModel', '6.25.0'
   

   敬上 安裝或更新專案的 Pod 後，請務必開啟 Xcode 專案 .xcworkspace。
3. 在應用程式中匯入 Firebase：

   Swift

   import Firebase

   Objective-C

   @import Firebase;

輸入圖片規範

為了讓 ML Kit 準確偵測臉孔，輸入圖片必須包含臉孔 以充足的像素資料表示基本上， 至少需要 100x100 像素如要偵測 臉部輪廓線，則 ML Kit 需要較高的解析度輸入： 至少應為 200 x 200 像素。

如果您在即時應用程式中偵測臉孔，您可能還需要 將輸入圖片的整體尺寸納入考量較小的圖片 加快處理速度，因此為了縮短延遲時間，擷取解析度較低的圖片 (請謹記上述準確率規定)，並確保 拍攝主體的臉孔會盡量佔滿圖片。另請參閱 即時效能改善秘訣。

圖片焦點不佳可能會降低準確性。如果沒有可接受的結果 請試著要求使用者重新擷取圖片

臉部與相機相對的方向也會影響臉部表情 ML Kit 偵測到的特徵詳情請見 臉部偵測 概念。

1. 設定臉部偵測工具

例如，建構 VisionFaceDetectorOptions 物件，如下所示：

// High-accuracy landmark detection and face classification
let options = VisionFaceDetectorOptions()
options.performanceMode = .accurate
options.landmarkMode = .all
options.classificationMode = .all

// Real-time contour detection of multiple faces
let options = VisionFaceDetectorOptions()
options.contourMode = .all

// High-accuracy landmark detection and face classification
FIRVisionFaceDetectorOptions *options = [[FIRVisionFaceDetectorOptions alloc] init];
options.performanceMode = FIRVisionFaceDetectorPerformanceModeAccurate;
options.landmarkMode = FIRVisionFaceDetectorLandmarkModeAll;
options.classificationMode = FIRVisionFaceDetectorClassificationModeAll;

// Real-time contour detection of multiple faces
FIRVisionFaceDetectorOptions *options = [[FIRVisionFaceDetectorOptions alloc] init];
options.contourMode = FIRVisionFaceDetectorContourModeAll;

2. 執行臉部偵測工具

1. 取得 VisionFaceDetector 的執行個體：

   Swift

   lazy var vision = Vision.vision()
   
   let faceDetector = vision.faceDetector(options: options)

   Objective-C

   FIRVision *vision = [FIRVision vision];
   FIRVisionFaceDetector *faceDetector = [vision faceDetector];
   // Or, to change the default settings:
   // FIRVisionFaceDetector *faceDetector =
   //     [vision faceDetectorWithOptions:options];

2. 使用 UIImage 或VisionImage CMSampleBufferRef。

   如何使用 UIImage：

   1. 視需要旋轉圖片，使其 imageOrientation 屬性為 .up。
   2. 使用正確旋轉的做法建立 VisionImage 物件 UIImage。請勿指定任何輪替中繼資料 (預設值) 值 (.topLeft)，則必須使用。

      Swift

      let image = VisionImage(image: uiImage)

      Objective-C

      FIRVisionImage *image = [[FIRVisionImage alloc] initWithImage:uiImage];

   如何使用 CMSampleBufferRef：

   1. 建立 VisionImageMetadata 物件，以指定 包含的圖片資料方向 CMSampleBufferRef 緩衝區。

      如何取得圖片方向：

      Swift

      func imageOrientation(
          deviceOrientation: UIDeviceOrientation,
          cameraPosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position
          ) -> VisionDetectorImageOrientation {
          switch deviceOrientation {
          case .portrait:
              return cameraPosition == .front ? .leftTop : .rightTop
          case .landscapeLeft:
              return cameraPosition == .front ? .bottomLeft : .topLeft
          case .portraitUpsideDown:
              return cameraPosition == .front ? .rightBottom : .leftBottom
          case .landscapeRight:
              return cameraPosition == .front ? .topRight : .bottomRight
          case .faceDown, .faceUp, .unknown:
              return .leftTop
          }
      }

      Objective-C

      - (FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientation)
          imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:(UIDeviceOrientation)deviceOrientation
                                 cameraPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)cameraPosition {
        switch (deviceOrientation) {
          case UIDeviceOrientationPortrait:
            if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationLeftTop;
            } else {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationRightTop;
            }
          case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft:
            if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationBottomLeft;
            } else {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopLeft;
            }
          case UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown:
            if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationRightBottom;
            } else {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationLeftBottom;
            }
          case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight:
            if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopRight;
            } else {
              return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationBottomRight;
            }
          default:
            return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopLeft;
        }
      }

      然後，建立中繼資料物件：

      Swift

      let cameraPosition = AVCaptureDevice.Position.back  // Set to the capture device you used.
      let metadata = VisionImageMetadata()
      metadata.orientation = imageOrientation(
          deviceOrientation: UIDevice.current.orientation,
          cameraPosition: cameraPosition
      )

      Objective-C

      FIRVisionImageMetadata *metadata = [[FIRVisionImageMetadata alloc] init];
      AVCaptureDevicePosition cameraPosition =
          AVCaptureDevicePositionBack;  // Set to the capture device you used.
      metadata.orientation =
          [self imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:UIDevice.currentDevice.orientation
                                       cameraPosition:cameraPosition];

   2. 請使用VisionImage CMSampleBufferRef 物件和輪替中繼資料：

      Swift

      let image = VisionImage(buffer: sampleBuffer)
      image.metadata = metadata

      Objective-C

      FIRVisionImage *image = [[FIRVisionImage alloc] initWithBuffer:sampleBuffer];
      image.metadata = metadata;

3. 接著，將圖片傳遞至 detect(in:) 方法：

   Swift

   faceDetector.process(visionImage) { faces, error in
     guard error == nil, let faces = faces, !faces.isEmpty else {
       // ...
       return
     }
   
     // Faces detected
     // ...
   }

   Objective-C

   [faceDetector detectInImage:image
                    completion:^(NSArray<FIRVisionFace *> *faces,
                                 NSError *error) {
     if (error != nil) {
       return;
     } else if (faces != nil) {
       // Recognized faces
     }
   }];

3. 取得系統偵測到的臉孔資訊

for face in faces {
  let frame = face.frame
  if face.hasHeadEulerAngleY {
    let rotY = face.headEulerAngleY  // Head is rotated to the right rotY degrees
  }
  if face.hasHeadEulerAngleZ {
    let rotZ = face.headEulerAngleZ  // Head is rotated upward rotZ degrees
  }

  // If landmark detection was enabled (mouth, ears, eyes, cheeks, and
  // nose available):
  if let leftEye = face.landmark(ofType: .leftEye) {
    let leftEyePosition = leftEye.position
  }

  // If contour detection was enabled:
  if let leftEyeContour = face.contour(ofType: .leftEye) {
    let leftEyePoints = leftEyeContour.points
  }
  if let upperLipBottomContour = face.contour(ofType: .upperLipBottom) {
    let upperLipBottomPoints = upperLipBottomContour.points
  }

  // If classification was enabled:
  if face.hasSmilingProbability {
    let smileProb = face.smilingProbability
  }
  if face.hasRightEyeOpenProbability {
    let rightEyeOpenProb = face.rightEyeOpenProbability
  }

  // If face tracking was enabled:
  if face.hasTrackingID {
    let trackingId = face.trackingID
  }
}

for (FIRVisionFace *face in faces) {
  // Boundaries of face in image
  CGRect frame = face.frame;

  if (face.hasHeadEulerAngleY) {
    CGFloat rotY = face.headEulerAngleY;  // Head is rotated to the right rotY degrees
  }
  if (face.hasHeadEulerAngleZ) {
    CGFloat rotZ = face.headEulerAngleZ;  // Head is tilted sideways rotZ degrees
  }

  // If landmark detection was enabled (mouth, ears, eyes, cheeks, and
  // nose available):
  FIRVisionFaceLandmark *leftEar = [face landmarkOfType:FIRFaceLandmarkTypeLeftEar];
  if (leftEar != nil) {
    FIRVisionPoint *leftEarPosition = leftEar.position;
  }

  // If contour detection was enabled:
  FIRVisionFaceContour *upperLipBottomContour = [face contourOfType:FIRFaceContourTypeUpperLipBottom];
  if (upperLipBottomContour != nil) {
    NSArray<FIRVisionPoint *> *upperLipBottomPoints = upperLipBottomContour.points;
    if (upperLipBottomPoints.count > 0) {
      NSLog("Detected the bottom contour of the subject's upper lip.")
    }
  }

  // If classification was enabled:
  if (face.hasSmilingProbability) {
    CGFloat smileProb = face.smilingProbability;
  }
  if (face.hasRightEyeOpenProbability) {
    CGFloat rightEyeOpenProb = face.rightEyeOpenProbability;
  }

  // If face tracking was enabled:
  if (face.hasTrackingID) {
    NSInteger trackingID = face.trackingID;
  }
}

臉部輪廓範例

啟用臉部輪廓偵測功能後，畫面上會列出 偵測到的臉部特徵這些點代表 而不是每個特徵的分數查看臉孔 偵測概念總覽，進一步瞭解輪廓如何 。

下圖說明這些點如何對應到表面 (按一下 可放大的圖片)：