Con i cursori di query in Cloud Firestore, puoi suddividere i dati restituiti da una query in batch in base ai parametri definiti nella query.
I cursori di query definiscono i punti di inizio e di fine di una query, consentendoti di:
- Restituisce un sottoinsieme di dati.
- Paginare i risultati della query.
Tuttavia, per definire un intervallo specifico per una query, devi utilizzare il where()
metodo descritto in Query semplici.
Aggiungere un cursore semplice a una query
Utilizza i metodi startAt()
o startAfter()
per definire il punto di partenza di una query.
Il metodo startAt()
include il punto di partenza, mentre il metodo startAfter()
lo esclude.
Ad esempio, se utilizzi startAt(A)
in una query, viene restituito l'intero alfabeto.
Se utilizzi startAfter(A)
, viene restituito B-Z
.
import { query, orderBy, startAt } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("population"), startAt(1000000));
citiesRef.orderBy("population").startAt(1000000);
// Get all cities with population over one million, ordered by population. db.collection("cities") .order(by: "population") .start(at: [1000000])
// Get all cities with population over one million, ordered by population. [[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryOrderedByField:@"population"] queryStartingAtValues:@[ @1000000 ]];
// Get all cities with a population >= 1,000,000, ordered by population, db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAt(1000000)
// Get all cities with a population >= 1,000,000, ordered by population, db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAt(1000000);
db.collection("cities").orderBy("population").startAt([1000000]);
// Get all cities with a population >= 1,000,000, ordered by population, db->Collection("cities") .OrderBy("population") .StartAt({FieldValue::Integer(1000000)});
PHP
Per saperne di più sull'installazione e sulla creazione di un client Cloud Firestore, consulta Librerie client Cloud Firestore.
Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Population").StartAt(1000000);
Analogamente, utilizza i metodi endAt()
o endBefore()
per definire un endpoint per i risultati della query.
import { query, orderBy, endAt } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("population"), endAt(1000000));
citiesRef.orderBy("population").endAt(1000000);
// Get all cities with population less than one million, ordered by population. db.collection("cities") .order(by: "population") .end(at: [1000000])
// Get all cities with population less than one million, ordered by population. [[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryOrderedByField:@"population"] queryEndingAtValues:@[ @1000000 ]];
// Get all cities with a population <= 1,000,000, ordered by population, db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .endAt(1000000)
// Get all cities with a population <= 1,000,000, ordered by population, db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .endAt(1000000);
db.collection("cities").orderBy("population").endAt([1000000]);
// Get all cities with a population <= 1,000,000, ordered by population, db->Collection("cities") .OrderBy("population") .EndAt({FieldValue::Integer(1000000)});
PHP
Per saperne di più sull'installazione e sulla creazione di un client Cloud Firestore, consulta Librerie client Cloud Firestore.
Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Population").EndAt(1000000);
Utilizza un'istantanea del documento per definire il cursore della query
Puoi anche passare uno snapshot del documento alla clausola del cursore come punto iniziale o finale del cursore della query. I valori nell'istantanea del documento fungono da valori nel cursore della query.
Ad esempio, acquisisci uno snapshot di un documento "San Francisco" nel tuo set di dati di città e popolazioni. Poi, utilizza lo snapshot del documento come punto di partenza per il cursore della query sulla popolazione. La query restituirà tutte le città con una popolazione maggiore o uguale a quella di San Francisco, come definito nello snapshot del documento.
import { collection, doc, getDoc, query, orderBy, startAt } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, "cities"); const docSnap = await getDoc(doc(citiesRef, "SF")); // Get all cities with a population bigger than San Francisco const biggerThanSf = query(citiesRef, orderBy("population"), startAt(docSnap)); // ...
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); return citiesRef.doc("SF").get().then((doc) => { // Get all cities with a population bigger than San Francisco var biggerThanSf = citiesRef .orderBy("population") .startAt(doc); // ... });
db.collection("cities") .document("SF") .addSnapshotListener { (document, error) in guard let document = document else { print("Error retreving cities: \(error.debugDescription)") return } // Get all cities with a population greater than or equal to San Francisco. let sfSizeOrBigger = db.collection("cities") .order(by: "population") .start(atDocument: document) }
[[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"] addSnapshotListener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) { if (snapshot == nil) { NSLog(@"Error retreiving cities: %@", error); return; } // Get all cities with a population greater than or equal to San Francisco. FIRQuery *sfSizeOrBigger = [[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryOrderedByField:@"population"] queryStartingAtDocument:snapshot]; }];
// Get the data for "San Francisco" db.collection("cities").document("SF") .get() .addOnSuccessListener { documentSnapshot -> // Get all cities with a population bigger than San Francisco. val biggerThanSf = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAt(documentSnapshot) // ... }
// Get the data for "San Francisco" db.collection("cities").document("SF") .get() .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<DocumentSnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot) { // Get all cities with a population bigger than San Francisco. Query biggerThanSf = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAt(documentSnapshot); // ... } });
db.collection("cities").doc("SF").get().then( (documentSnapshot) { final biggerThanSf = db .collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAtDocument(documentSnapshot); }, onError: (e) => print("Error: $e"), );
db->Collection("cities").Document("SF").Get().OnCompletion( [db](const Future<DocumentSnapshot>& future) { if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) { const DocumentSnapshot& document_snapshot = *future.result(); Query bigger_than_sf = db->Collection("cities") .OrderBy("population") .StartAt({document_snapshot}); // ... } });
PHP
Per saperne di più sull'installazione e sulla creazione di un client Cloud Firestore, consulta Librerie client Cloud Firestore.
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); DocumentReference docRef = citiesRef.Document("SF"); docRef.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWith((snapshotTask) => { Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Population").StartAt(snapshotTask.Result); });
Eseguire la paginazione di una query
Esegui l'impaginazione delle query combinando i cursori di query con il metodo limit()
.
Ad esempio, utilizza l'ultimo documento di un batch come inizio di un cursore per il
batch successivo.
import { collection, query, orderBy, startAfter, limit, getDocs } from "firebase/firestore"; // Query the first page of docs const first = query(collection(db, "cities"), orderBy("population"), limit(25)); const documentSnapshots = await getDocs(first); // Get the last visible document const lastVisible = documentSnapshots.docs[documentSnapshots.docs.length-1]; console.log("last", lastVisible); // Construct a new query starting at this document, // get the next 25 cities. const next = query(collection(db, "cities"), orderBy("population"), startAfter(lastVisible), limit(25));
var first = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .limit(25); return first.get().then((documentSnapshots) => { // Get the last visible document var lastVisible = documentSnapshots.docs[documentSnapshots.docs.length-1]; console.log("last", lastVisible); // Construct a new query starting at this document, // get the next 25 cities. var next = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAfter(lastVisible) .limit(25); });
// Construct query for first 25 cities, ordered by population let first = db.collection("cities") .order(by: "population") .limit(to: 25) first.addSnapshotListener { (snapshot, error) in guard let snapshot = snapshot else { print("Error retreving cities: \(error.debugDescription)") return } guard let lastSnapshot = snapshot.documents.last else { // The collection is empty. return } // Construct a new query starting after this document, // retrieving the next 25 cities. let next = db.collection("cities") .order(by: "population") .start(afterDocument: lastSnapshot) // Use the query for pagination. // ... }
FIRQuery *first = [[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryOrderedByField:@"population"] queryLimitedTo:25]; [first addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) { if (snapshot == nil) { NSLog(@"Error retreiving cities: %@", error); return; } if (snapshot.documents.count == 0) { return; } FIRDocumentSnapshot *lastSnapshot = snapshot.documents.lastObject; // Construct a new query starting after this document, // retreiving the next 25 cities. FIRQuery *next = [[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryOrderedByField:@"population"] queryStartingAfterDocument:lastSnapshot]; // Use the query for pagination. // ... }];
// Construct query for first 25 cities, ordered by population val first = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .limit(25) first.get() .addOnSuccessListener { documentSnapshots -> // ... // Get the last visible document val lastVisible = documentSnapshots.documents[documentSnapshots.size() - 1] // Construct a new query starting at this document, // get the next 25 cities. val next = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAfter(lastVisible) .limit(25) // Use the query for pagination // ... }
// Construct query for first 25 cities, ordered by population Query first = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .limit(25); first.get() .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<QuerySnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(QuerySnapshot documentSnapshots) { // ... // Get the last visible document DocumentSnapshot lastVisible = documentSnapshots.getDocuments() .get(documentSnapshots.size() -1); // Construct a new query starting at this document, // get the next 25 cities. Query next = db.collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAfter(lastVisible) .limit(25); // Use the query for pagination // ... } });
// Construct query for first 25 cities, ordered by population final first = db.collection("cities").orderBy("population").limit(25); first.get().then( (documentSnapshots) { // Get the last visible document final lastVisible = documentSnapshots.docs[documentSnapshots.size - 1]; // Construct a new query starting at this document, // get the next 25 cities. final next = db .collection("cities") .orderBy("population") .startAfterDocument(lastVisible) .limit(25); // Use the query for pagination // ... }, onError: (e) => print("Error completing: $e"), );
// Construct query for first 25 cities, ordered by population Query first = db->Collection("cities").OrderBy("population").Limit(25); first.Get().OnCompletion([db](const Future<QuerySnapshot>& future) { if (future.error() != Error::kErrorOk) { // Handle error... return; } // Get the last visible document const QuerySnapshot& document_snapshots = *future.result(); std::vector<DocumentSnapshot> documents = document_snapshots.documents(); const DocumentSnapshot& last_visible = documents.back(); // Construct a new query starting at this document, // get the next 25 cities. Query next = db->Collection("cities") .OrderBy("population") .StartAfter(last_visible) .Limit(25); // Use the query for pagination // ... });
PHP
Per saperne di più sull'installazione e sulla creazione di un client Cloud Firestore, consulta Librerie client Cloud Firestore.
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); Query firstQuery = citiesRef.OrderBy("Population").Limit(3); // Get the last document from the results firstQuery.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWith((querySnapshotTask) => { long lastPopulation = 0; foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { lastPopulation = documentSnapshot.GetValue<long>("Population"); } // Construct a new query starting at this document. // Note: this will not have the desired effect if multiple cities have the exact same population value Query secondQuery = citiesRef.OrderBy("Population").StartAfter(lastPopulation); Task<QuerySnapshot> secondQuerySnapshot = secondQuery.GetSnapshotAsync();
Impostare il cursore in base a più campi
Quando utilizzi un cursore basato su un valore di campo (non un DocumentSnapshot), puoi aggiungere campi aggiuntivi per rendere più precisa la posizione del cursore. Questo è particolarmente utile se il tuo set di dati include più documenti che hanno tutti lo stesso valore per il campo del cursore, rendendo ambigua la posizione del cursore. Puoi aggiungere altri valori di campo al cursore per specificare ulteriormente il punto iniziale o finale e ridurre l'ambiguità.
Ad esempio, in un set di dati contenente tutte le città denominate "Springfield" negli Stati Uniti, esistono più punti di partenza per una query impostata per iniziare da "Springfield":
Città | |
---|---|
Nome | Stato |
Springfield | Massachusetts |
Springfield | Missouri |
Springfield | Wisconsin |
Per iniziare da una Springfield specifica, puoi aggiungere lo stato come condizione secondaria nella clausola del cursore.
// Will return all Springfields import { collection, query, orderBy, startAt } from "firebase/firestore"; const q1 = query(collection(db, "cities"), orderBy("name"), orderBy("state"), startAt("Springfield")); // Will return "Springfield, Missouri" and "Springfield, Wisconsin" const q2 = query(collection(db, "cities"), orderBy("name"), orderBy("state"), startAt("Springfield", "Missouri"));
// Will return all Springfields db.collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt("Springfield"); // Will return "Springfield, Missouri" and "Springfield, Wisconsin" db.collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt("Springfield", "Missouri");
// Will return all Springfields db.collection("cities") .order(by: "name") .order(by: "state") .start(at: ["Springfield"]) // Will return "Springfield, Missouri" and "Springfield, Wisconsin" db.collection("cities") .order(by: "name") .order(by: "state") .start(at: ["Springfield", "Missouri"])
// Will return all Springfields [[[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryOrderedByField:@"name"] queryOrderedByField:@"state"] queryStartingAtValues:@[ @"Springfield" ]]; // Will return "Springfield, Missouri" and "Springfield, Wisconsin" [[[[db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryOrderedByField:@"name"] queryOrderedByField:@"state"] queryStartingAtValues:@[ @"Springfield", @"Missouri" ]];
// Will return all Springfields db.collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt("Springfield") // Will return "Springfield, Missouri" and "Springfield, Wisconsin" db.collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt("Springfield", "Missouri")
// Will return all Springfields db.collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt("Springfield"); // Will return "Springfield, Missouri" and "Springfield, Wisconsin" db.collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt("Springfield", "Missouri");
// Will return all Springfields db .collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt(["Springfield"]); // Will return "Springfield, Missouri" and "Springfield, Wisconsin" db .collection("cities") .orderBy("name") .orderBy("state") .startAt(["Springfield", "Missouri"]);
// This is not yet supported.
PHP
Per saperne di più sull'installazione e sulla creazione di un client Cloud Firestore, consulta Librerie client Cloud Firestore.
Query query1 = db.Collection("cities").OrderBy("Name").OrderBy("State").StartAt("Springfield"); Query query2 = db.Collection("cities").OrderBy("Name").OrderBy("State").StartAt("Springfield", "Missouri");