Cloud Firestore でリアルタイム アップデートを入手する

onSnapshot() メソッドを使用すると、ドキュメントをリッスンできます。コールバックを使用した最初の呼び出しでは、単一のドキュメントの現在のコンテンツですぐにドキュメント スナップショットが作成されます。次に、コンテンツが変更されるたびに、別の呼び出しによってドキュメント スナップショットが更新されます。

ウェブ バージョン 9

import { doc, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsub = onSnapshot(doc(db, "cities", "SF"), (doc) => {
    console.log("Current data: ", doc.data());
});
listen_document.js

Web バージョン 8

db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot((doc) => {
        console.log("Current data: ", doc.data());
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
    .addSnapshotListener { documentSnapshot, error in
      guard let document = documentSnapshot else {
        print("Error fetching document: \(error!)")
        return
      }
      guard let data = document.data() else {
        print("Document data was empty.")
        return
      }
      print("Current data: \(data)")
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching document: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSLog(@"Current data: %@", snapshot.data);
    }];
ViewController.m

Java

final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
            return;
        }

        if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Current data: " + snapshot.getData());
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "Current data: null");
        }
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener { snapshot, e ->
    if (e != null) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
        return@addSnapshotListener
    }

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Current data: ${snapshot.data}")
    } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "Current data: null")
    }
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
  @Override
  public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                      @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
    if (e != null) {
      System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
      return;
    }

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
      System.out.println("Current data: " + snapshot.getData());
    } else {
      System.out.print("Current data: null");
    }
  }
});
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
callback_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(doc_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    for doc in doc_snapshot:
        print(f'Received document snapshot: {doc.id}')
    callback_done.set()

doc_ref = db.collection(u'cities').document(u'SF')

# Watch the document
doc_watch = doc_ref.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)
snippets.py
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener(
    [](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot, Error error) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        if (snapshot.exists()) {
          std::cout << "Current data: " << snapshot << '\n';
        } else {
          std::cout << "Current data: null\n";
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const doc = db.collection('cities').doc('SF');

const observer = doc.onSnapshot(docSnapshot => {
  console.log(`Received doc snapshot: ${docSnapshot}`);
  // ...
}, err => {
  console.log(`Encountered error: ${err}`);
});
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenDocument listens to a single document.
func listenDocument(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	// Сontext with timeout stops listening to changes.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Doc("SF").Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// DeadlineExceeded will be returned when ctx is cancelled.
		if status.Code(err) == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %v", err)
		}
		if !snap.Exists() {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Document no longer exists\n")
			return nil
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Received document snapshot: %v\n", snap.Data())
	}
}

listen_document.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
docRef.Listen(snapshot => {
    Debug.Log("Callback received document snapshot.");
    Debug.Log(String.Format("Document data for {0} document:", snapshot.Id));
    Dictionary<string, object> city = snapshot.ToDictionary();
    foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city) {
        Debug.Log(String.Format("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value));
    }
});
C#
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
FirestoreChangeListener listener = docRef.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("Callback received document snapshot.");
    Console.WriteLine("Document exists? {0}", snapshot.Exists);
    if (snapshot.Exists)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Document data for {0} document:", snapshot.Id);
        Dictionary<string, object> city = snapshot.ToDictionary();
        foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value);
        }
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
doc_ref = firestore.col(collection_path).doc document_path
snapshots = []

# Watch the document.
listener = doc_ref.listen do |snapshot|
  puts "Received document snapshot: #{snapshot.document_id}"
  snapshots << snapshot
end
query_watch.rb

ローカル変更のイベント

アプリでローカル書き込みが行われると、すぐにスナップショット リスナーが起動します。これは「レイテンシ補正」という重要な機能によるものです。書き込みを実行すると、データがバックエンドに送信される前に、新しいデータがリスナーに通知されます。

取得されたドキュメントは、バックエンドにまだ書き込まれていないローカル変更がドキュメントにあるかどうかを示す metadata.hasPendingWrites プロパティを持ちます。このプロパティを使用すると、スナップショット リスナーで受け取るイベントのソースを特定できます。

ウェブ バージョン 9

import { doc, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsub = onSnapshot(doc(db, "cities", "SF"), (doc) => {
  const source = doc.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server";
  console.log(source, " data: ", doc.data());
});
listen_document_local.js

Web バージョン 8

db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot((doc) => {
        var source = doc.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server";
        console.log(source, " data: ", doc.data());
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
    .addSnapshotListener { documentSnapshot, error in
        guard let document = documentSnapshot else {
            print("Error fetching document: \(error!)")
            return
        }
        let source = document.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server"
        print("\(source) data: \(document.data() ?? [:])")
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching document: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSString *source = snapshot.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? @"Local" : @"Server";
      NSLog(@"%@ data: %@", source, snapshot.data);
    }];
ViewController.m

Java

final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
            return;
        }

        String source = snapshot != null && snapshot.getMetadata().hasPendingWrites()
                ? "Local" : "Server";

        if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
            Log.d(TAG, source + " data: " + snapshot.getData());
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, source + " data: null");
        }
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener { snapshot, e ->
    if (e != null) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
        return@addSnapshotListener
    }

    val source = if (snapshot != null && snapshot.metadata.hasPendingWrites())
        "Local"
    else
        "Server"

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
        Log.d(TAG, "$source data: ${snapshot.data}")
    } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "$source data: null")
    }
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
# Not yet supported in the Java client library
Python
// Not yet supported in Python client library
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener([](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot,
                               Error error) {
  if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
    const char* source =
        snapshot.metadata().has_pending_writes() ? "Local" : "Server";
    if (snapshot.exists()) {
      std::cout << source << " data: " << snapshot.Get("name").string_value()
                << '\n';
    } else {
      std::cout << source << " data: null\n";
    }
  } else {
    std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
  }
});
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Not yet supported in the Node.js client library
Go
// Not yet supported in the Go client library
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
// Not yet supported in the Unity SDK
C#
// Not yet supported in the C# client library
Ruby
// Not yet supported in the Ruby client library

メタデータ変更のイベント

ドキュメント、コレクション、またはクエリへの変更をリッスンする場合、リスナーで受け取るイベントの詳細レベルを制御するオプションを渡すことができます。

デフォルトでは、メタデータにのみ影響する変更は、リスナーに通知されません。アプリで新規ドキュメントを書き込むと、以下のような処理が発生します。

  1. 新しいデータにより、直ちに変更イベントが発生します。ドキュメントがまだバックエンドに書き込まれていないため、「保留中の書き込み」フラグは true です。
  2. ドキュメントがバックエンドに書き込まれます。
  3. バックエンドから、書き込みの成功がクライアントに通知されます。ドキュメント データは変更されていませんが、「保留中の書き込み」フラグが false に変化したため、メタデータには変更が発生しています。

ドキュメントまたはクエリのメタデータが変更されたときにスナップショット イベントを受け取る必要がある場合は、リスナーをアタッチするときに ListenOptions オブジェクトを渡します。

ウェブ バージョン 9

import { doc, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsub = onSnapshot(
  doc(db, "cities", "SF"),
  { includeMetadataChanges: true },
  (doc) => {
    // ...
  });
listen_with_metadata.js

Web バージョン 8

db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot({
        // Listen for document metadata changes
        includeMetadataChanges: true
    }, (doc) => {
        // ...
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
// Listen to document metadata.
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
    .addSnapshotListener(includeMetadataChanges: true) { documentSnapshot, error in
        // ...
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
// Listen for metadata changes.
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListenerWithIncludeMetadataChanges:YES
                                         listener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
   // ...
}];
ViewController.m

Java

// Listen for metadata changes to the document.
DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE, new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        // ...
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

// Listen for metadata changes to the document.
val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE) { snapshot, e ->
    // ...
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
// Not yet supported in the Java client library
Python
// Not yet supported in Python client library
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener(
    MetadataChanges::kInclude,
    [](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot, Error error) { /* ... */ });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Not yet supported the Node.js client library
Go
// Not yet supported in the Go client library
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
// Not yet supported in the Unity SDK
C#
// Not yet supported in the C# client library
Ruby
// Not yet supported in the Ruby client library

コレクション内の複数のドキュメントのリッスン

ドキュメントの場合と同様に、get() ではなく onSnapshot() を使用してクエリの結果をリッスンできます。これにより、クエリ スナップショットが作成されます。たとえば、状態が CA のドキュメントをリッスンするには、次のようにします。

ウェブ バージョン 9

import { collection, query, where, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), where("state", "==", "CA"));
const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(q, (querySnapshot) => {
  const cities = [];
  querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => {
      cities.push(doc.data().name);
  });
  console.log("Current cities in CA: ", cities.join(", "));
});
listen_multiple.js

Web バージョン 8

db.collection("cities").where("state", "==", "CA")
    .onSnapshot((querySnapshot) => {
        var cities = [];
        querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => {
            cities.push(doc.data().name);
        });
        console.log("Current cities in CA: ", cities.join(", "));
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
        guard let documents = querySnapshot?.documents else {
            print("Error fetching documents: \(error!)")
            return
        }
        let cities = documents.map { $0["name"]! }
        print("Current cities in CA: \(cities)")
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching documents: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSMutableArray *cities = [NSMutableArray array];
      for (FIRDocumentSnapshot *document in snapshot.documents) {
        [cities addObject:document.data[@"name"]];
      }
      NSLog(@"Current cities in CA: %@", cities);
    }];
ViewController.m

Java

db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot value,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
                    return;
                }

                List<String> cities = new ArrayList<>();
                for (QueryDocumentSnapshot doc : value) {
                    if (doc.get("name") != null) {
                        cities.add(doc.getString("name"));
                    }
                }
                Log.d(TAG, "Current cites in CA: " + cities);
            }
        });
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener { value, e ->
            if (e != null) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
                return@addSnapshotListener
            }

            val cities = ArrayList<String>()
            for (doc in value!!) {
                doc.getString("name")?.let {
                    cities.add(it)
                }
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "Current cites in CA: $cities")
        }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      @Override
      public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                          @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
          System.err.println("Listen failed:" + e);
          return;
        }

        List<String> cities = new ArrayList<>();
        for (DocumentSnapshot doc : snapshots) {
          if (doc.get("name") != null) {
            cities.add(doc.getString("name"));
          }
        }
        System.out.println("Current cites in CA: " + cities);
      }
    });
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
callback_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(col_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    print(u'Callback received query snapshot.')
    print(u'Current cities in California:')
    for doc in col_snapshot:
        print(f'{doc.id}')
    callback_done.set()

col_query = db.collection(u'cities').where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')

# Watch the collection query
query_watch = col_query.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)

snippets.py
C++
db->Collection("cities")
    .WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"))
    .AddSnapshotListener([](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        std::vector<std::string> cities;
        std::cout << "Current cities in CA: " << error << '\n';
        for (const DocumentSnapshot& doc : snapshot.documents()) {
          cities.push_back(doc.Get("name").string_value());
          std::cout << "" << cities.back() << '\n';
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const query = db.collection('cities').where('state', '==', 'CA');

const observer = query.onSnapshot(querySnapshot => {
  console.log(`Received query snapshot of size ${querySnapshot.size}`);
  // ...
}, err => {
  console.log(`Encountered error: ${err}`);
});
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenMultiple listens to a query, returning the names of all cities
// for a state.
func listenMultiple(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Where("state", "==", "CA").Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// DeadlineExceeded will be returned when ctx is cancelled.
		if status.Code(err) == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %v", err)
		}
		if snap != nil {
			for {
				doc, err := snap.Documents.Next()
				if err == iterator.Done {
					break
				}
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("Documents.Next: %v", err)
				}
				fmt.Fprintf(w, "Current cities in California: %v\n", doc.Ref.ID)
			}
		}
	}
}

listen_multiple.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

ListenerRegistration listener = query.Listen(snapshot => {
  Debug.Log("Callback received query snapshot.");
  Debug.Log("Current cities in California:");
  foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in snapshot.Documents) {
    Debug.Log(documentSnapshot.Id);
  }
});
C#
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

FirestoreChangeListener listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("Callback received query snapshot.");
    Console.WriteLine("Current cities in California:");
    foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in snapshot.Documents)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(documentSnapshot.Id);
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
query = firestore.col(collection_path).where :state, :==, "CA"
docs = []

# Watch the collection query.
listener = query.listen do |snapshot|
  puts "Callback received query snapshot."
  puts "Current cities in California:"
  snapshot.docs.each do |doc|
    puts doc.document_id
    docs << doc
  end
end
query_watch.rb

スナップショット ハンドラは、クエリ結果が変更されるたびに（つまり、ドキュメントが追加、削除、変更されたときに）、新しいクエリ スナップショットを受け取ります。

スナップショット間の変更の表示

単純にクエリ スナップショット全体を使用するのではなく、クエリ スナップショット間でクエリ結果の実際の変更を確認すると便利な場合があります。たとえば、個々のドキュメントが追加、削除、変更されたときに、キャッシュを維持できます。

ウェブ バージョン 9

import { collection, query, where, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), where("state", "==", "CA"));
const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(q, (snapshot) => {
  snapshot.docChanges().forEach((change) => {
    if (change.type === "added") {
        console.log("New city: ", change.doc.data());
    }
    if (change.type === "modified") {
        console.log("Modified city: ", change.doc.data());
    }
    if (change.type === "removed") {
        console.log("Removed city: ", change.doc.data());
    }
  });
});
listen_diffs.js

Web バージョン 8

db.collection("cities").where("state", "==", "CA")
    .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
        snapshot.docChanges().forEach((change) => {
            if (change.type === "added") {
                console.log("New city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
            if (change.type === "modified") {
                console.log("Modified city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
            if (change.type === "removed") {
                console.log("Removed city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
        });
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
        guard let snapshot = querySnapshot else {
            print("Error fetching snapshots: \(error!)")
            return
        }
        snapshot.documentChanges.forEach { diff in
            if (diff.type == .added) {
                print("New city: \(diff.document.data())")
            }
            if (diff.type == .modified) {
                print("Modified city: \(diff.document.data())")
            }
            if (diff.type == .removed) {
                print("Removed city: \(diff.document.data())")
            }
        }
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching documents: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      for (FIRDocumentChange *diff in snapshot.documentChanges) {
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeAdded) {
          NSLog(@"New city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeModified) {
          NSLog(@"Modified city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeRemoved) {
          NSLog(@"Removed city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
      }
    }];
ViewController.m

Java

db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e);
                    return;
                }

                for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
                    switch (dc.getType()) {
                        case ADDED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                        case MODIFIED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "Modified city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                        case REMOVED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "Removed city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                    }
                }

            }
        });
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
            if (e != null) {
                Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e)
                return@addSnapshotListener
            }

            for (dc in snapshots!!.documentChanges) {
                when (dc.type) {
                    DocumentChange.Type.ADDED -> Log.d(TAG, "New city: ${dc.document.data}")
                    DocumentChange.Type.MODIFIED -> Log.d(TAG, "Modified city: ${dc.document.data}")
                    DocumentChange.Type.REMOVED -> Log.d(TAG, "Removed city: ${dc.document.data}")
                }
            }
        }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      @Override
      public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                          @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
          System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
          return;
        }

        for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
          switch (dc.getType()) {
            case ADDED:
              System.out.println("New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
              break;
            case MODIFIED:
              System.out.println("Modified city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
              break;
            case REMOVED:
              System.out.println("Removed city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
              break;
            default:
              break;
          }
        }
      }
    });
ListenDataSnippets.java
C++
db->Collection("cities")
    .WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"))
    .AddSnapshotListener([](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        for (const DocumentChange& dc : snapshot.DocumentChanges()) {
          switch (dc.type()) {
            case DocumentChange::Type::kAdded:
              std::cout << "New city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << '\n';
              break;
            case DocumentChange::Type::kModified:
              std::cout << "Modified city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << '\n';
              break;
            case DocumentChange::Type::kRemoved:
              std::cout << "Removed city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << '\n';
              break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
delete_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(col_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    print(u'Callback received query snapshot.')
    print(u'Current cities in California: ')
    for change in changes:
        if change.type.name == 'ADDED':
            print(f'New city: {change.document.id}')
        elif change.type.name == 'MODIFIED':
            print(f'Modified city: {change.document.id}')
        elif change.type.name == 'REMOVED':
            print(f'Removed city: {change.document.id}')
            delete_done.set()

col_query = db.collection(u'cities').where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')

# Watch the collection query
query_watch = col_query.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)

snippets.py
Node.js
const observer = db.collection('cities').where('state', '==', 'CA')
  .onSnapshot(querySnapshot => {
    querySnapshot.docChanges().forEach(change => {
      if (change.type === 'added') {
        console.log('New city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
      if (change.type === 'modified') {
        console.log('Modified city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
      if (change.type === 'removed') {
        console.log('Removed city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
    });
  });
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenChanges listens to a query, returning the list of document changes.
func listenChanges(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Where("state", "==", "CA").Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// DeadlineExceeded will be returned when ctx is cancelled.
		if status.Code(err) == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %v", err)
		}
		if snap != nil {
			for _, change := range snap.Changes {
				switch change.Kind {
				case firestore.DocumentAdded:
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "New city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				case firestore.DocumentModified:
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Modified city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				case firestore.DocumentRemoved:
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Removed city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

listen_changes.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
        Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

        ListenerRegistration listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
        {
            foreach (DocumentChange change in snapshot.GetChanges())
            {
                if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Added)
                {
                    Debug.Log(String.Format("New city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
                }
                else if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Modified)
                {
                    Debug.Log(String.Format("Modified city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
                }
                else if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Removed)
                {
                    Debug.Log(String.Format("Removed city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
                }
            }
        });
    }
}
C#
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

FirestoreChangeListener listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    foreach (DocumentChange change in snapshot.Changes)
    {
        if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Added")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("New city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Modified")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Modified city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Removed")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Removed city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
query = firestore.col(collection_path).where :state, :==, "CA"
added = []
modified = []
removed = []

# Watch the collection query.
listener = query.listen do |snapshot|
  puts "Callback received query snapshot."
  puts "Current cities in California:"
  snapshot.changes.each do |change|
    if change.added?
      puts "New city: #{change.doc.document_id}"
      added << snapshot
    elsif change.modified?
      puts "Modified city: #{change.doc.document_id}"
      modified << snapshot
    elsif change.removed?
      puts "Removed city: #{change.doc.document_id}"
      removed << snapshot
    end
  end
end
query_watch.rb

初期状態は、サーバーから直接取得することも、ローカル キャッシュから取得することもできます。ローカル キャッシュに使用可能な状態がある場合、クエリ スナップショットにはキャッシュされたデータが最初に入力され、その後、クライアントがサーバーの状態に追いついたときにサーバーのデータで更新されます。

リスナーのデタッチ

データをリッスンする必要がなくなったら、イベント コールバックが呼び出されないようにリスナーをデタッチしなければなりません。これにより、クライアントは更新を受信するための帯域幅の使用を停止できます。次に例を示します。

ウェブ バージョン 9

import { collection, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(collection(db, "cities"), () => {
  // Respond to data
  // ...
});

// Later ...

// Stop listening to changes
unsubscribe();
detach_listener.js

Web バージョン 8

var unsubscribe = db.collection("cities")
    .onSnapshot(() => {
      // Respond to data
      // ...
    });

// Later ...

// Stop listening to changes
unsubscribe();
test.firestore.js
Swift
let listener = db.collection("cities").addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
    // ...
}

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
listener.remove()
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
id<FIRListenerRegistration> listener = [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      // ...
}];

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
[listener remove];
ViewController.m

Java

Query query = db.collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.addSnapshotListener(
        new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            // ...
        });

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove();
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

val query = db.collection("cities")
val registration = query.addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
    // ...
}

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove()
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Query query = db.collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.addSnapshotListener(
    new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      // ...
    });

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove();
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python
# Terminate watch on a document
doc_watch.unsubscribe()
snippets.py
C++
// Add a listener
Query query = db->Collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.AddSnapshotListener(
    [](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error) { /* ... */ });
// Stop listening to changes
registration.Remove();
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const unsub = db.collection('cities').onSnapshot(() => {
});

// ...

// Stop listening for changes
unsub();
index.js
Go
// Сontext with timeout stops listening to changes.
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
defer cancel()
listen_document.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
listener.Stop();
C#
await listener.StopAsync();
Program.cs
Ruby
listener.stop
query_watch.rb

リッスンエラーの処理

たとえば、セキュリティ権限がないため、または無効なクエリでリッスンしようとしたため、リッスンが失敗することがあります（詳細については、有効なクエリと無効なクエリをご覧ください）。これらの障害を処理するには、スナップショット リスナーをアタッチするときにエラー コールバックを提供します。エラーが発生すると、リスナーはそれ以上イベントを受信しなくなるため、リスナーをデタッチする必要はありません。

ウェブ バージョン 9

import { collection, onSnapshot } from "firebase/firestore";

const unsubscribe = onSnapshot(
  collection(db, "cities"),
  (snapshot) => {
    // ...
  },
  (error) => {
    // ...
  });
handle_listen_errors.js

Web バージョン 8

db.collection("cities")
    .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
        // ...
    }, (error) => {
        // ...
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities")
    .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
        if let error = error {
            print("Error retreiving collection: \(error)")
        }
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (error != nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error retreving collection: %@", error);
      }
    }];
ViewController.m

Java

db.collection("cities")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e);
                    return;
                }

                for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
                    if (dc.getType() == Type.ADDED) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                    }
                }

            }
        });
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

db.collection("cities")
        .addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
            if (e != null) {
                Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e)
                return@addSnapshotListener
            }

            for (dc in snapshots!!.documentChanges) {
                if (dc.type == DocumentChange.Type.ADDED) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "New city: ${dc.document.data}")
                }
            }
        }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      @Override
      public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                          @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
          System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
          return;
        }

        for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
          if (dc.getType() == Type.ADDED) {
            System.out.println("New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
          }
        }
      }
    });
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python
// Snippet coming soon
C++
// This is not yet supported.
Node.js
db.collection('cities')
  .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
    //...
  }, (error) => {
    //...
  });
index.js
Go
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// listenErrors demonstrates how to handle listening errors.
func listenErrors(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, projectID, collection string) error {
	// projectID := "project-id"
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("firestore.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Collection(collection).Snapshots(ctx)
	for {
		snap, err := it.Next()
		// DeadlineExceeded will be returned when ctx is cancelled.
		if status.Code(err) == codes.DeadlineExceeded {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Snapshots.Next: %v", err)
		}
		if snap != nil {
			for _, change := range snap.Changes {
				if change.Kind == firestore.DocumentAdded {
					fmt.Fprintf(w, "New city: %v\n", change.Doc.Data())
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

listen_errors.go
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
// Not supported in the Unity SDK.
C#
// Snippet coming soon
Ruby
listener = firestore.col(collection_path).listen do |snapshot|
  snapshot.changes.each do |change|
    puts "New city: #{change.doc.document_id}" if change.added?
  end
end

# Register to be notified when unhandled errors occur.
listener.on_error do |error|
  puts "Listen failed: #{error.message}"
end
query_watch.rb

次のステップ