Cloud Firestore で単純なクエリと複合クエリを実行する

Cloud Firestore は、コレクションから取得するドキュメントを指定するための強力なクエリ機能を提供します。これらのクエリは、データを取得するとリアルタイム アップデートを入手するで説明しているように、get() または addSnapshotListener() とともに使用することもできます。

データの例

まず始めに、都市に関するデータを書き込み、データを読み戻すさまざまな方法を確認します。

ウェブ
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

citiesRef.doc("SF").set({
    name: "San Francisco", state: "CA", country: "USA",
    capital: false, population: 860000 });
citiesRef.doc("LA").set({
    name: "Los Angeles", state: "CA", country: "USA",
    capital: false, population: 3900000 });
citiesRef.doc("DC").set({
    name: "Washington, D.C.", state: null, country: "USA",
    capital: true, population: 680000 });
citiesRef.doc("TOK").set({
    name: "Tokyo", state: null, country: "Japan",
    capital: true, population: 9000000 });
citiesRef.doc("BJ").set({
    name: "Beijing", state: null, country: "China",
    capital: true, population: 21500000 });
test.firestore.js
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities")

citiesRef.document("SF").setData([
    "name": "San Francisco",
    "state": "CA",
    "country": "USA",
    "capital": false,
    "population": 860000
    ])
citiesRef.document("LA").setData([
    "name": "Los Angeles",
    "state": "CA",
    "country": "USA",
    "capital": false,
    "population": 3900000
    ])
citiesRef.document("DC").setData([
    "name": "Washington D.C.",
    "country": "USA",
    "capital": true,
    "population": 680000
    ])
citiesRef.document("TOK").setData([
    "name": "Tokyo",
    "country": "Japan",
    "capital": true,
    "population": 9000000
    ])
citiesRef.document("BJ").setData([
    "name": "Beijing",
    "country": "China",
    "capital": true,
    "population": 21500000
    ])
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"SF"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"San Francisco",
  @"state": @"CA",
  @"country": @"USA",
  @"capital": @(NO),
  @"population": @860000
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"LA"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Los Angeles",
  @"state": @"CA",
  @"country": @"USA",
  @"capital": @(NO),
  @"population": @3900000
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"DC"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Washington D.C.",
  @"country": @"USA",
  @"capital": @(YES),
  @"population": @680000
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"TOK"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Tokyo",
  @"country": @"Japan",
  @"capital": @(YES),
  @"population": @9000000
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"BJ"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Beijing",
  @"country": @"China",
  @"capital": @(YES),
  @"population": @21500000
}];
ViewController.m
Android
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");

Map<String, Object> data1 = new HashMap<>();
data1.put("name", "San Francisco");
data1.put("state", "CA");
data1.put("country", "USA");
data1.put("capital", false);
data1.put("population", 860000);
cities.document("SF").set(data1);

Map<String, Object> data2 = new HashMap<>();
data2.put("name", "Los Angeles");
data2.put("state", "CA");
data2.put("country", "USA");
data2.put("capital", false);
data2.put("population", 3900000);
cities.document("LA").set(data2);

Map<String, Object> data3 = new HashMap<>();
data3.put("name", "Washington D.C.");
data3.put("state", null);
data3.put("country", "USA");
data3.put("capital", true);
data3.put("population", 680000);
cities.document("DC").set(data3);

Map<String, Object> data4 = new HashMap<>();
data4.put("name", "Tokyo");
data4.put("state", null);
data4.put("country", "Japan");
data4.put("capital", true);
data4.put("population", 9000000);
cities.document("TOK").set(data4);

Map<String, Object> data5 = new HashMap<>();
data5.put("name", "Beijing");
data5.put("state", null);
data5.put("country", "China");
data5.put("capital", true);
data5.put("population", 21500000);
cities.document("BJ").set(data5);
DocSnippets.java
Java
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");
List<ApiFuture<WriteResult>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
futures.add(cities.document("SF").set(new City("San Francisco", "CA", "USA", false, 860000L)));
futures.add(cities.document("LA").set(new City("Los Angeles", "CA", "USA", false, 3900000L)));
futures.add(cities.document("DC").set(new City("Washington D.C.", null, "USA", true, 680000L)));
futures.add(cities.document("TOK").set(new City("Tokyo", null, "Japan", true, 9000000L)));
futures.add(cities.document("BJ").set(new City("Beijing", null, "China", true, 21500000L)));
// (optional) block on documents successfully added
ApiFutures.allAsList(futures).get();
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
class City(object):
    def __init__(self, name, state, country, capital=False, population=0):
        self.name = name
        self.state = state
        self.country = country
        self.capital = capital
        self.population = population

    @staticmethod
    def from_dict(source):
        # ...

    def to_dict(self):
        # ...

    def __repr__(self):
        return u'City(name={}, country={}, population={}, capital={})'.format(
            self.name, self.country, self.population, self.capital)

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.document(u'SF').set(
    City(u'San Francisco', u'CA', u'USA', False, 860000).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'LA').set(
    City(u'Los Angeles', u'CA', u'USA', False, 3900000).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'DC').set(
    City(u'Washington D.C.', None, u'USA', True, 680000).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'TOK').set(
    City(u'Tokyo', None, u'Japan', True, 9000000).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'BJ').set(
    City(u'Beijing', None, u'China', True, 21500000).to_dict())
snippets.py
Node.js
var citiesRef = db.collection('cities');

var setSf = citiesRef.doc('SF').set({
    name: 'San Francisco', state: 'CA', country: 'USA',
    capital: false, population: 860000 });
var setLa = citiesRef.doc('LA').set({
    name: 'Los Angeles', state: 'CA', country: 'USA',
    capital: false, population: 3900000 });
var setDc = citiesRef.doc('DC').set({
    name: 'Washington, D.C.', state: null, country: 'USA',
    capital: true, population: 680000 });
var setTok = citiesRef.doc('TOK').set({
    name: 'Tokyo', state: null, country: 'Japan',
    capital: true, population: 9000000 });
var setBj = citiesRef.doc('BJ').set({
    name: 'Beijing', state: null, country: 'China',
    capital: true, population: 21500000 });
index.js
Go
cities := []struct {
	id string
	c  City
}{
	{id: "SF", c: City{Name: "San Francisco", State: "CA", Country: "USA", Capital: false, Population: 860000}},
	{id: "LA", c: City{Name: "Los Angeles", State: "CA", Country: "USA", Capital: false, Population: 3900000}},
	{id: "DC", c: City{Name: "Washington D.C.", Country: "USA", Capital: false, Population: 680000}},
	{id: "TOK", c: City{Name: "Tokyo", Country: "Japan", Capital: true, Population: 9000000}},
	{id: "BJ", c: City{Name: "Beijing", Country: "China", Capital: true, Population: 21500000}},
}
for _, c := range cities {
	if _, err := client.Collection("cities").Doc(c.id).Set(ctx, c.c); err != nil {
		return err
	}
}
query.go
PHP
$citiesRef = $db->collection('cities');
$citiesRef->document('SF')->set([
    'name' => 'San Francisco',
    'state' => 'CA',
    'country' => 'USA',
    'capital' => false,
    'population' => 860000
]);
$citiesRef->document('LA')->set([
    'name' => 'Los Angeles',
    'state' => 'CA',
    'country' => 'USA',
    'capital' => false,
    'population' => 3900000
]);
$citiesRef->document('DC')->set([
    'name' => 'Washington D.C.',
    'state' => null,
    'country' => 'USA',
    'capital' => true,
    'population' => 680000
]);
$citiesRef->document('TOK')->set([
    'name' => 'Tokyo',
    'state' => null,
    'country' => 'Japan',
    'capital' => true,
    'population' => 9000000
]);
$citiesRef->document('BJ')->set([
    'name' => 'Beijing',
    'state' => null,
    'country' => 'China',
    'capital' => true,
    'population' => 21500000
]);
printf('Added example cities data to the cities collection.' . PHP_EOL);
query_create_examples.php

単純なクエリ

次のクエリは、州が CA のすべての都市を返します。

ウェブ
// Create a reference to the cities collection
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

// Create a query against the collection.
var query = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA");
test.firestore.js
Swift
// Create a reference to the cities collection
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities")

// Create a query against the collection.
let query = citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
// Create a reference to the cities collection
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"];
// Create a query against the collection.
FIRQuery *query = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"];
ViewController.m
Android
// Create a reference to the cities collection
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

// Create a query against the collection.
Query query = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
DocSnippets.java
Java
// Create a reference to the cities collection
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");
// Create a query against the collection.
Query query = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
// retrieve  query results asynchronously using query.get()
ApiFuture<QuerySnapshot> querySnapshot = query.get();

for (DocumentSnapshot document : querySnapshot.get().getDocuments()) {
  System.out.println(document.getId());
}
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
# Create a reference to the cities collection
cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

# Create a query against the collection
query_ref = cities_ref.where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')
snippets.py
Node.js
// Create a reference to the cities collection
var citiesRef = db.collection('cities');

// Create a query against the collection
var queryRef = citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA');
index.js
Go
query := client.Collection("cities").Where("state", "==", "CA")
query.go
PHP
$citiesRef = $db->collection('cities');
$query = $citiesRef->where('state', '=', 'CA');
$snapshot = $query->documents();
foreach ($snapshot as $document) {
    printf('Document %s returned by query state=CA' . PHP_EOL, $document->id());
}
create_query_state.php

次のクエリは、すべての首都を返します。

ウェブ
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

var query = citiesRef.where("capital", "==", true);
test.firestore.js
Swift
let capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
FIRQuery *capitalCities =
    [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES];
ViewController.m
Android
Query capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("capital", true);
DocSnippets.java
Java
// Create a reference to the cities collection
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");
// Create a query against the collection.
Query query = cities.whereEqualTo("capital", true);
// retrieve  query results asynchronously using query.get()
ApiFuture<QuerySnapshot> querySnapshot = query.get();

for (DocumentSnapshot document : querySnapshot.get().getDocuments()) {
  System.out.println(document.getId());
}
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

query = cities_ref.where(u'capital', u'==', True)
snippets.py
Node.js
// Create a reference to the cities collection
var citiesRef = db.collection('cities');

// Create a query against the collection
var queryRef = citiesRef.where('capital', '==', true);
index.js
Go
query := client.Collection("cities").Where("capital", "==", true)
query.go
PHP
$citiesRef = $db->collection('cities');
$query = $citiesRef->where('capital', '=', true);
$snapshot = $query->documents();
foreach ($snapshot as $document) {
    printf('Document %s returned by query capital=true' . PHP_EOL, $document->id());
}
create_query_capital.php

where() メソッドは、フィルタリングするフィールド、比較演算、値の 3 つのパラメータを受け入れます。比較は、<、<=、==、>、>= のいずれかになります。iOS、Android、Java では、比較演算子はメソッド名で明示的に指定されます。

フィルタの例:

ウェブ
citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA")
citiesRef.where("population", "<", 100000)
citiesRef.where("name", ">=", "San Francisco")
test.firestore.js
Swift
citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
citiesRef.whereField("population", isLessThan: 100000)
citiesRef.whereField("name", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "San Francisco")
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"];
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@100000];
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"San Francisco"];
ViewController.m
Android
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
citiesRef.whereLessThan("population", 100000);
citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco");
DocSnippets.java
Java
Query countryQuery = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
Query populationQuery = cities.whereLessThan("population", 1000000L);
Query cityQuery = cities.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco");
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

cities_ref.where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')
cities_ref.where(u'population', u'<', 1000000)
cities_ref.where(u'name', u'>=', u'San Francisco')
snippets.py
Node.js
var brazilCities = citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA');
var smallCities = citiesRef.where('population', '<', 1000000);
var afterParis = citiesRef.where('name', '>=', 'San Francisco');
index.js
Go
countryQuery := cities.Where("state", "==", "CA")
popQuery := cities.Where("population", "<", 1000000)
cityQuery := cities.Where("name", ">=", "San Francisco")
query.go
PHP
$stateQuery = $citiesRef->where('state', '=', 'CA');
$populationQuery = $citiesRef->where('population', '>', 1000000);
$nameQuery = $citiesRef->where('name', '>=', 'San Francisco');
simple_queries.php

複合クエリ

複数の where() メソッドをつなぎ合わせて、より具体的なクエリ（論理 AND）を作成することもできます。ただし、等価演算子（==）と範囲比較（<、<=、>、>=）を組み合わせる場合は、必ずカスタム インデックスを作成してください。

ウェブ
citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CO").where("name", "==", "Denver")
citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA").where("population", "<", 1000000)
test.firestore.js
Swift
citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CO")
    .whereField("name", isEqualTo: "Denver")
citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("population", isLessThan: 1000000)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CO"]
    queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"Denver"];
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@1000000];
ViewController.m
Android
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CO").whereEqualTo("name", "Denver");
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA").whereLessThan("population", 1000000);
DocSnippets.java
Java
Query chainedQuery1 = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CO")
    .whereEqualTo("name", "Denver");
Query chainedQuery2 = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereLessThan("population", 1000000L);
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

sydney_query = cities_ref.where(
    u'state', u'==', u'CO').where(u'name', u'==', u'Denver')
large_us_cities_query = cities_ref.where(
    u'state', u'==', u'CA').where(u'population', u'>', 1000000)
snippets.py
Node.js
citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CO').where('name', '==', 'Denver');
citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA').where('population', '<', 1000000);
index.js
Go
denverQuery := cities.Where("name", "==", "Denver").Where("state", "==", "CO")
caliQuery := cities.Where("state", "==", "CA").Where("population", "<=", 1000000)
query := cities.Where("country", "==", "USA").Where("population", ">", 5000000)
query.go
PHP
$chainedQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '=', 'CA')
    ->where('name', '=', 'San Francisco');
chained_query.php

$chainedQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '=', 'CA')
    ->where('population', '<', 1000000);
composite_index_chained_query.php

また、範囲比較（<、<=、>、>=）は、1 つのフィールドでのみ実行できます。

有効: 1 つのフィールドのみの範囲フィルタ

ウェブ
citiesRef.where("state", ">=", "CA").where("state", "<=", "IN")
citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA").where("population", ">", 1000000)
test.firestore.js
Swift
citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("state", isLessThanOrEqualTo: "IN")
citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"state" isLessThanOrEqualTo:@"IN"];
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@1000000];
ViewController.m
Android
citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .whereLessThanOrEqualTo("state", "IN");
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .whereGreaterThan("population", 1000000);
DocSnippets.java
Java
Query validQuery1 = cities.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereLessThanOrEqualTo("state", "IN");
Query validQuery2 = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereGreaterThan("population", 1000000);
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.where(u'state', u'>=', u'CA').where(u'state', u'<=', u'IN')
snippets.py
Node.js
citiesRef.where('state', '>=', 'CA').where('state', '<=', 'IN');
citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA').where('population', '>', 1000000);
index.js
Go
stateQuery := cities.Where("state", ">=", "CA").Where("state", "<", "IN")
populationQuery := cities.Where("state", "==", "CA").Where("population", ">", 1000000)
query.go
PHP
$rangeQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '>=', 'CA')
    ->where('state', '<=', 'IN');
range_query.php

無効: 複数のフィールドの範囲フィルタ

ウェブ
citiesRef.where("state", ">=", "CA").where("population", ">", 100000)
test.firestore.js
Swift
citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000)
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@1000000];
ViewController.m
Android
citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA").whereGreaterThan("population", 100000);
DocSnippets.java
Java
Query invalidRangeQuery = cities.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereGreaterThan("population", 100000);
QueryDataSnippets.java
Python
cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.where(
    u'state', u'>=', u'CA').where(u'population', u'>=', 1000000)
snippets.py
Node.js
citiesRef.where('state', '>=', 'CA').where('population', '>', 1000000);
index.js
Go
query := cities.Where("state", ">=", "CA").Where("population", ">", 1000000)
query.go
PHP
$invalidRangeQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '>=', 'CA')
    ->where('population', '>', 1000000);
invalid_range_query.php

クエリの制限事項

Cloud Firestore では、次のタイプのクエリはサポートされていません。

  • 複数のフィールドに範囲フィルタを適用するクエリ（前のセクションの説明を参照）。
  • 複数のコレクションまたはサブコレクションにわたる単一のクエリ。各クエリは、ドキュメントの単一コレクションに対して実行されます。データ構造がクエリにどのように影響するかについては、データ構造の選択をご覧ください。
  • 個々の配列メンバーのクエリ。ただし、配列、リスト、セットの操作のテクニックを使用して、配列のようなデータをモデル化およびクエリすることは可能です。
  • 論理 OR クエリ。この場合は、OR 条件ごとに独立したクエリを作成し、アプリでクエリ結果を結合する必要があります。
  • != 句が含まれるクエリ。この場合は、「より大きい」クエリと「より小さい」クエリに、クエリを分割する必要があります。たとえば、クエリ句 where("age", "!=", "30") はサポートされませんが、2 つのクエリ（句 where("age", "<", "30") が含まれるクエリと句 where("age", ">", 30) が含まれるクエリ）を結合することで、同じ結果セットを取得できます。

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