Perform simple and compound queries in Cloud Firestore

Cloud Firestore provides powerful query functionality for specifying which documents you want to retrieve from a collection. These queries can also be used with either get() or addSnapshotListener(), as described in Get Data and Get Realtime Updates.

Example data

To get started, write some data about cities so we can look at different ways to read it back:

Web

var citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

citiesRef.doc("SF").set({
    name: "San Francisco", state: "CA", country: "USA",
    capital: false, population: 860000,
    regions: ["west_coast", "norcal"] });
citiesRef.doc("LA").set({
    name: "Los Angeles", state: "CA", country: "USA",
    capital: false, population: 3900000,
    regions: ["west_coast", "socal"] });
citiesRef.doc("DC").set({
    name: "Washington, D.C.", state: null, country: "USA",
    capital: true, population: 680000,
    regions: ["east_coast"] });
citiesRef.doc("TOK").set({
    name: "Tokyo", state: null, country: "Japan",
    capital: true, population: 9000000,
    regions: ["kanto", "honshu"] });
citiesRef.doc("BJ").set({
    name: "Beijing", state: null, country: "China",
    capital: true, population: 21500000,
    regions: ["jingjinji", "hebei"] });test.firestore.js

Swift

let citiesRef = db.collection("cities")

citiesRef.document("SF").setData([
    "name": "San Francisco",
    "state": "CA",
    "country": "USA",
    "capital": false,
    "population": 860000,
    "regions": ["west_coast", "norcal"]
    ])
citiesRef.document("LA").setData([
    "name": "Los Angeles",
    "state": "CA",
    "country": "USA",
    "capital": false,
    "population": 3900000,
    "regions": ["west_coast", "socal"]
    ])
citiesRef.document("DC").setData([
    "name": "Washington D.C.",
    "country": "USA",
    "capital": true,
    "population": 680000,
    "regions": ["east_coast"]
    ])
citiesRef.document("TOK").setData([
    "name": "Tokyo",
    "country": "Japan",
    "capital": true,
    "population": 9000000,
    "regions": ["kanto", "honshu"]
    ])
citiesRef.document("BJ").setData([
    "name": "Beijing",
    "country": "China",
    "capital": true,
    "population": 21500000,
    "regions": ["jingjinji", "hebei"]
    ])ViewController.swift

Objective-C

FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"SF"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"San Francisco",
  @"state": @"CA",
  @"country": @"USA",
  @"capital": @(NO),
  @"population": @860000,
  @"regions": @[@"west_coast", @"norcal"]
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"LA"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Los Angeles",
  @"state": @"CA",
  @"country": @"USA",
  @"capital": @(NO),
  @"population": @3900000,
  @"regions": @[@"west_coast", @"socal"]
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"DC"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Washington D.C.",
  @"country": @"USA",
  @"capital": @(YES),
  @"population": @680000,
  @"regions": @[@"east_coast"]
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"TOK"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Tokyo",
  @"country": @"Japan",
  @"capital": @(YES),
  @"population": @9000000,
  @"regions": @[@"kanto", @"honshu"]
}];
[[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"BJ"] setData:@{
  @"name": @"Beijing",
  @"country": @"China",
  @"capital": @(YES),
  @"population": @21500000,
  @"regions": @[@"jingjinji", @"hebei"]
}];ViewController.m

Java
Android

CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");

Map<String, Object> data1 = new HashMap<>();
data1.put("name", "San Francisco");
data1.put("state", "CA");
data1.put("country", "USA");
data1.put("capital", false);
data1.put("population", 860000);
data1.put("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "norcal"));
cities.document("SF").set(data1);

Map<String, Object> data2 = new HashMap<>();
data2.put("name", "Los Angeles");
data2.put("state", "CA");
data2.put("country", "USA");
data2.put("capital", false);
data2.put("population", 3900000);
data2.put("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "socal"));
cities.document("LA").set(data2);

Map<String, Object> data3 = new HashMap<>();
data3.put("name", "Washington D.C.");
data3.put("state", null);
data3.put("country", "USA");
data3.put("capital", true);
data3.put("population", 680000);
data3.put("regions", Arrays.asList("east_coast"));
cities.document("DC").set(data3);

Map<String, Object> data4 = new HashMap<>();
data4.put("name", "Tokyo");
data4.put("state", null);
data4.put("country", "Japan");
data4.put("capital", true);
data4.put("population", 9000000);
data4.put("regions", Arrays.asList("kanto", "honshu"));
cities.document("TOK").set(data4);

Map<String, Object> data5 = new HashMap<>();
data5.put("name", "Beijing");
data5.put("state", null);
data5.put("country", "China");
data5.put("capital", true);
data5.put("population", 21500000);
data5.put("regions", Arrays.asList("jingjinji", "hebei"));
cities.document("BJ").set(data5);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

val cities = db.collection("cities")

val data1 = HashMap<String, Any>()
data1["name"] = "San Francisco"
data1["state"] = "CA"
data1["country"] = "USA"
data1["capital"] = false
data1["population"] = 860000
data1["regions"] = listOf("west_coast", "norcal")
cities.document("SF").set(data1)

val data2 = HashMap<String, Any>()
data2["name"] = "Los Angeles"
data2["state"] = "CA"
data2["country"] = "USA"
data2["capital"] = false
data2["population"] = 3900000
data2["regions"] = listOf("west_coast", "socal")
cities.document("LA").set(data2)

val data3 = HashMap<String, Any?>()
data3["name"] = "Washington D.C."
data3["state"] = null
data3["country"] = "USA"
data3["capital"] = true
data3["population"] = 680000
data3["regions"] = listOf("east_coast")
cities.document("DC").set(data3)

val data4 = HashMap<String, Any?>()
data4["name"] = "Tokyo"
data4["state"] = null
data4["country"] = "Japan"
data4["capital"] = true
data4["population"] = 9000000
data4["regions"] = listOf("kanto", "honshu")
cities.document("TOK").set(data4)

val data5 = HashMap<String, Any?>()
data5["name"] = "Beijing"
data5["state"] = null
data5["country"] = "China"
data5["capital"] = true
data5["population"] = 21500000
data5["regions"] = listOf("jingjinji", "hebei")
cities.document("BJ").set(data5)DocSnippets.kt

Java

CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");
List<ApiFuture<WriteResult>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
futures.add(cities.document("SF").set(new City("San Francisco", "CA", "USA", false, 860000L,
    Arrays.asList("west_coast", "norcal"))));
futures.add(cities.document("LA").set(new City("Los Angeles", "CA", "USA", false, 3900000L,
    Arrays.asList("west_coast", "socal"))));
futures.add(cities.document("DC").set(new City("Washington D.C.", null, "USA", true, 680000L,
    Arrays.asList("east_coast"))));
futures.add(cities.document("TOK").set(new City("Tokyo", null, "Japan", true, 9000000L,
    Arrays.asList("kanto", "honshu"))));
futures.add(cities.document("BJ").set(new City("Beijing", null, "China", true, 21500000L,
    Arrays.asList("jingjinji", "hebei"))));
// (optional) block on documents successfully added
ApiFutures.allAsList(futures).get();QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

class City(object):
    def __init__(self, name, state, country, capital=False, population=0,
                 regions=[]):
        self.name = name
        self.state = state
        self.country = country
        self.capital = capital
        self.population = population
        self.regions = regions

    @staticmethod
    def from_dict(source):
        # ...

    def to_dict(self):
        # ...

    def __repr__(self):
        return(
            u'City(name={}, country={}, population={}, capital={}, regions={})'
            .format(self.name, self.country, self.population, self.capital,
                    self.regions))

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.document(u'SF').set(
    City(u'San Francisco', u'CA', u'USA', False, 860000,
         [u'west_coast', u'norcal']).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'LA').set(
    City(u'Los Angeles', u'CA', u'USA', False, 3900000,
         [u'west_coast', u'socal']).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'DC').set(
    City(u'Washington D.C.', None, u'USA', True, 680000,
         [u'east_coast']).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'TOK').set(
    City(u'Tokyo', None, u'Japan', True, 9000000,
         [u'kanto', u'honshu']).to_dict())
cities_ref.document(u'BJ').set(
    City(u'Beijing', None, u'China', True, 21500000, [u'hebei']).to_dict())snippets.py

Node.js

var citiesRef = db.collection('cities');

var setSf = citiesRef.doc('SF').set({
  name: 'San Francisco', state: 'CA', country: 'USA',
  capital: false, population: 860000,
  regions: ['west_coast', 'norcal']
});
var setLa = citiesRef.doc('LA').set({
  name: 'Los Angeles', state: 'CA', country: 'USA',
  capital: false, population: 3900000,
  regions: ['west_coast', 'socal']
});
var setDc = citiesRef.doc('DC').set({
  name: 'Washington, D.C.', state: null, country: 'USA',
  capital: true, population: 680000,
  regions: ['east_coast']
});
var setTok = citiesRef.doc('TOK').set({
  name: 'Tokyo', state: null, country: 'Japan',
  capital: true, population: 9000000,
  regions: ['kanto', 'honshu']
});
var setBj = citiesRef.doc('BJ').set({
  name: 'Beijing', state: null, country: 'China',
  capital: true, population: 21500000,
  regions: ['jingjinji', 'hebei']
});index.js

Go

cities := []struct {
	id string
	c  City
}{
	{
		id: "SF",
		c: City{Name: "San Francisco", State: "CA", Country: "USA",
			Capital: false, Population: 860000,
			Regions: []string{"west_coast", "norcal"}},
	},
	{
		id: "LA",
		c: City{Name: "Los Angeles", State: "CA", Country: "USA",
			Capital: false, Population: 3900000,
			Regions: []string{"west_coast", "socal"}},
	},
	{
		id: "DC",
		c: City{Name: "Washington D.C.", Country: "USA",
			Capital: false, Population: 680000,
			Regions: []string{"east_coast"}},
	},
	{
		id: "TOK",
		c: City{Name: "Tokyo", Country: "Japan",
			Capital: true, Population: 9000000,
			Regions: []string{"kanto", "honshu"}},
	},
	{
		id: "BJ",
		c: City{Name: "Beijing", Country: "China",
			Capital: true, Population: 21500000,
			Regions: []string{"jingjinji", "hebei"}},
	},
}
for _, c := range cities {
	if _, err := client.Collection("cities").Doc(c.id).Set(ctx, c.c); err != nil {
		return err
	}
}query.go

PHP

$citiesRef = $db->collection('cities');
$citiesRef->document('SF')->set([
    'name' => 'San Francisco',
    'state' => 'CA',
    'country' => 'USA',
    'capital' => false,
    'population' => 860000,
    'regions' => ['west_coast', 'norcal']
]);
$citiesRef->document('LA')->set([
    'name' => 'Los Angeles',
    'state' => 'CA',
    'country' => 'USA',
    'capital' => false,
    'population' => 3900000,
    'regions' => ['west_coast', 'socal']
]);
$citiesRef->document('DC')->set([
    'name' => 'Washington D.C.',
    'state' => null,
    'country' => 'USA',
    'capital' => true,
    'population' => 680000,
    'regions' => ['east_coast']
]);
$citiesRef->document('TOK')->set([
    'name' => 'Tokyo',
    'state' => null,
    'country' => 'Japan',
    'capital' => true,
    'population' => 9000000,
    'regions' => ['kanto', 'honshu']
]);
$citiesRef->document('BJ')->set([
    'name' => 'Beijing',
    'state' => null,
    'country' => 'China',
    'capital' => true,
    'population' => 21500000,
    'regions' => ['jingjinji', 'hebei']
]);
printf('Added example cities data to the cities collection.' . PHP_EOL);query_create_examples.php

C#

CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
await citiesRef.Document("SF").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    { "Name", "San Francisco" },
    { "State", "CA" },
    { "Country", "USA" },
    { "Capital", false },
    { "Population", 860000 },
    { "Regions", new ArrayList{"west_coast", "norcal"} }
});
await citiesRef.Document("LA").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    { "Name", "Los Angeles" },
    { "State", "CA" },
    { "Country", "USA" },
    { "Capital", false },
    { "Population", 3900000 },
    { "Regions", new ArrayList{"west_coast", "socal"} }
});
await citiesRef.Document("DC").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    { "Name", "Washington D.C." },
    { "State", null },
    { "Country", "USA" },
    { "Capital", true },
    { "Population", 680000 },
    { "Regions", new ArrayList{"east_coast"} }
});
await citiesRef.Document("TOK").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    { "Name", "Tokyo" },
    { "State", null },
    { "Country", "Japan" },
    { "Capital", true },
    { "Population", 9000000 },
    { "Regions", new ArrayList{"kanto", "honshu"} }
});
await citiesRef.Document("BJ").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    { "Name", "Beijing" },
    { "State", null },
    { "Country", "China" },
    { "Capital", true },
    { "Population", 21500000 },
    { "Regions", new ArrayList{"jingjinji", "hebei"} }
});
Console.WriteLine("Added example cities data to the cities collection.");Program.cs

Ruby

cities_ref = firestore.col "cities"
cities_ref.doc("SF").set(
  name:       "San Francisco",
  state:      "CA",
  country:    "USA",
  capital:    false,
  population: 860_000
)
cities_ref.doc("LA").set(
  name:       "Los Angeles",
  state:      "CA",
  country:    "USA",
  capital:    false,
  population: 3_900_000
)
cities_ref.doc("DC").set(
  name:       "Washington D.C.",
  state:      nil,
  country:    "USA",
  capital:    true,
  population: 680_000
)
cities_ref.doc("TOK").set(
  name:       "Tokyo",
  state:      nil,
  country:    "Japan",
  capital:    true,
  population: 9_000_000
)
cities_ref.doc("BJ").set(
  name:       "Beijing",
  state:      nil,
  country:    "China",
  capital:    true,
  population: 21_500_000
)query_data.rb

Simple queries

The following query returns all cities with state CA:

Web

// Create a reference to the cities collection
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

// Create a query against the collection.
var query = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA");test.firestore.js

Swift

// Create a reference to the cities collection
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities")

// Create a query against the collection.
let query = citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")ViewController.swift

Objective-C

// Create a reference to the cities collection
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"];
// Create a query against the collection.
FIRQuery *query = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"];ViewController.m

Java
Android

// Create a reference to the cities collection
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

// Create a query against the collection.
Query query = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

// Create a reference to the cities collection
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities")

// Create a query against the collection.
val query = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")DocSnippets.kt

Java

// Create a reference to the cities collection
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");
// Create a query against the collection.
Query query = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
// retrieve  query results asynchronously using query.get()
ApiFuture<QuerySnapshot> querySnapshot = query.get();

for (DocumentSnapshot document : querySnapshot.get().getDocuments()) {
  System.out.println(document.getId());
}QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

# Create a reference to the cities collection
cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

# Create a query against the collection
query_ref = cities_ref.where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')snippets.py

Node.js

// Create a reference to the cities collection
var citiesRef = db.collection('cities');

// Create a query against the collection
var queryRef = citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA');index.js

Go

query := client.Collection("cities").Where("state", "==", "CA")query.go

PHP

$citiesRef = $db->collection('cities');
$query = $citiesRef->where('state', '=', 'CA');
$snapshot = $query->documents();
foreach ($snapshot as $document) {
    printf('Document %s returned by query state=CA' . PHP_EOL, $document->id());
}create_query_state.php

C#

CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");
QuerySnapshot querySnapshot = await query.GetSnapshotAsync();
foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshot.Documents)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Document {0} returned by query State=CA", documentSnapshot.Id);
}Program.cs

Ruby

cities_ref = firestore.col "cities"

query = cities_ref.where "state", "=", "CA"

query.get do |city|
  puts "Document #{city.document_id} returned by query state=CA."
endquery_data.rb

The following query returns all the capital cities:

Web

var citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

var query = citiesRef.where("capital", "==", true);test.firestore.js

Swift

let capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

FIRQuery *capitalCities =
    [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES];ViewController.m

Java
Android

Query capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("capital", true);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

val capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("capital", true)DocSnippets.kt

Java

// Create a reference to the cities collection
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities");
// Create a query against the collection.
Query query = cities.whereEqualTo("capital", true);
// retrieve  query results asynchronously using query.get()
ApiFuture<QuerySnapshot> querySnapshot = query.get();

for (DocumentSnapshot document : querySnapshot.get().getDocuments()) {
  System.out.println(document.getId());
}QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

query = cities_ref.where(u'capital', u'==', True)snippets.py

Node.js

// Create a reference to the cities collection
var citiesRef = db.collection('cities');

// Create a query against the collection
var queryRef = citiesRef.where('capital', '==', true);index.js

Go

query := client.Collection("cities").Where("capital", "==", true)query.go

PHP

$citiesRef = $db->collection('cities');
$query = $citiesRef->where('capital', '=', true);
$snapshot = $query->documents();
foreach ($snapshot as $document) {
    printf('Document %s returned by query capital=true' . PHP_EOL, $document->id());
}create_query_capital.php

C#

CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("Capital", true);
QuerySnapshot querySnapshot = await query.GetSnapshotAsync();
foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshot.Documents)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Document {0} returned by query Capital=true", documentSnapshot.Id);
}Program.cs

Ruby

cities_ref = firestore.col "cities"

query = cities_ref.where "capital", "=", true

query.get do |city|
  puts "Document #{city.document_id} returned by query capital=true."
endquery_data.rb

The where() method takes three parameters: a field to filter on, a comparison operation, and a value. The comparison can be <, <=, ==, >, >=, or array_contains. For iOS, Android, and Java, the comparison operator is explicitly named in the method.

Some example filters:

Web

citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA")
citiesRef.where("population", "<", 100000)
citiesRef.where("name", ">=", "San Francisco")test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
citiesRef.whereField("population", isLessThan: 100000)
citiesRef.whereField("name", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "San Francisco")ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"];
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@100000];
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"San Francisco"];ViewController.m

Java
Android

citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
citiesRef.whereLessThan("population", 100000);
citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco");DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
citiesRef.whereLessThan("population", 100000)
citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco")DocSnippets.kt

Java

Query stateQuery = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
Query populationQuery = cities.whereLessThan("population", 1000000L);
Query nameQuery = cities.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco");QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

cities_ref.where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')
cities_ref.where(u'population', u'<', 1000000)
cities_ref.where(u'name', u'>=', u'San Francisco')snippets.py

Node.js

var stateQuery = citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA');
var populationQuery = citiesRef.where('population', '<', 1000000);
var nameQuery = citiesRef.where('name', '>=', 'San Francisco');index.js

Go

countryQuery := cities.Where("state", "==", "CA")
popQuery := cities.Where("population", "<", 1000000)
cityQuery := cities.Where("name", ">=", "San Francisco")query.go

PHP

$stateQuery = $citiesRef->where('state', '=', 'CA');
$populationQuery = $citiesRef->where('population', '>', 1000000);
$nameQuery = $citiesRef->where('name', '>=', 'San Francisco');simple_queries.php

C#

Query stateQuery = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");
Query populationQuery = citiesRef.WhereGreaterThan("Population", 1000000);
Query nameQuery = citiesRef.WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("Name", "San Francisco");Program.cs

Ruby

state_query      = cities_ref.where "state", "=", "CA"
population_query = cities_ref.where "population", ">", 1_000_000
name_query       = cities_ref.where "name", ">=", "San Francisco"query_data.rb

Array membership

You can use the array_contains operator to filter based on array values. For example:

Web

citiesRef.where("regions", "array-contains", "west_coast")test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
  .whereField("regions", arrayContains: "west_coast")ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" arrayContains:@"west_coast"];ViewController.m

Java
Android

CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities");

citiesRef.whereArrayContains("regions", "west_coast");DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

val citiesRef = db.collection("cities")

citiesRef.whereArrayContains("regions", "west_coast")DocSnippets.kt

Java

CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities");
Query westCoastQuery = citiesRef.whereArrayContains("regions", "west_coast");QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

query = cities_ref.where(u'regions', u'array_contains', u'west_coast')snippets.py

Node.js

var westCoastCities = citiesRef.where('regions', 'array-contains',
  'west_coast');index.js

Go

query := cities.Where("regions", "array-contains", "west_coast").Documents(ctx)query.go

PHP

$containsQuery = $citiesRef->where('regions', 'array-contains', 'west_coast');array_membership.php

C#

Query query = citiesRef.WhereArrayContains("Regions", "west_coast");Program.cs

Ruby

// Not supported yet

This query returns every city document where the regions field is an array that contains west_coast. If the array has multiple instances of the value you query on, the document is included in the results only once.

Compound queries

You can also chain multiple where() methods to create more specific queries (logical AND). However, to combine the equality operator (==) with a range or array-contains clause (<, <=, >, >=, or array_contains), make sure to create a composite index.

Web

citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CO").where("name", "==", "Denver")
citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA").where("population", "<", 1000000)test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CO")
    .whereField("name", isEqualTo: "Denver")
citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("population", isLessThan: 1000000)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CO"]
    queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"Denver"];
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@1000000];ViewController.m

Java
Android

citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CO").whereEqualTo("name", "Denver");
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA").whereLessThan("population", 1000000);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CO").whereEqualTo("name", "Denver")
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA").whereLessThan("population", 1000000)DocSnippets.kt

Java

Query chainedQuery1 = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CO")
    .whereEqualTo("name", "Denver");
Query chainedQuery2 = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereLessThan("population", 1000000L);QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')

sydney_query = cities_ref.where(
    u'state', u'==', u'CO').where(u'name', u'==', u'Denver')
large_us_cities_query = cities_ref.where(
    u'state', u'==', u'CA').where(u'population', u'>', 1000000)snippets.py

Node.js

citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CO').where('name', '==', 'Denver');
citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA').where('population', '<', 1000000);index.js

Go

denverQuery := cities.Where("name", "==", "Denver").Where("state", "==", "CO")
caliQuery := cities.Where("state", "==", "CA").Where("population", "<=", 1000000)
query := cities.Where("country", "==", "USA").Where("population", ">", 5000000)query.go

PHP

$chainedQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '=', 'CA')
    ->where('name', '=', 'San Francisco');chained_query.php
$chainedQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '=', 'CA')
    ->where('population', '<', 1000000);composite_index_chained_query.php

C#

Query chainedQuery = citiesRef
    .WhereEqualTo("State", "CA")
    .WhereEqualTo("Name", "San Francisco");Program.cs
Query chainedQuery = citiesRef
    .WhereEqualTo("State", "CA")
    .WhereLessThan("Population", 1000000);Program.cs

Ruby

chained_query = cities_ref.where("state", "=", "CA").where("name", "=", "San Francisco")query_data.rb
chained_query = cities_ref.where("state", "=", "CA").where("population", "<", 1_000_000)query_data.rb

You can only perform range comparisons (<, <=, >, >=) on a single field, and you can include at most one array_contains clause in a compound query:

Valid: Range filters on only one field

Web

citiesRef.where("state", ">=", "CA").where("state", "<=", "IN")
citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA").where("population", ">", 1000000)test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("state", isLessThanOrEqualTo: "IN")
citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"state" isLessThanOrEqualTo:@"IN"];
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@1000000];ViewController.m

Java
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .whereLessThanOrEqualTo("state", "IN");
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .whereGreaterThan("population", 1000000);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .whereLessThanOrEqualTo("state", "IN")
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .whereGreaterThan("population", 1000000)DocSnippets.kt

Java

Query validQuery1 = cities.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereLessThanOrEqualTo("state", "IN");
Query validQuery2 = cities.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereGreaterThan("population", 1000000);QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.where(u'state', u'>=', u'CA').where(u'state', u'<=', u'IN')snippets.py

Node.js

citiesRef.where('state', '>=', 'CA').where('state', '<=', 'IN');
citiesRef.where('state', '==', 'CA').where('population', '>', 1000000);index.js

Go

stateQuery := cities.Where("state", ">=", "CA").Where("state", "<", "IN")
populationQuery := cities.Where("state", "==", "CA").Where("population", ">", 1000000)query.go

PHP

$rangeQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '>=', 'CA')
    ->where('state', '<=', 'IN');range_query.php

C#

Query rangeQuery = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("State", "CA")
    .WhereLessThanOrEqualTo("State", "IN");Program.cs

Ruby

range_query = cities_ref.where("state", ">=", "CA").where("state", "<=", "IN")query_data.rb

Invalid: Range filters on different fields

Web

citiesRef.where("state", ">=", "CA").where("population", ">", 100000)test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
    .whereField("state", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "CA")
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"CA"]
    queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@1000000];ViewController.m

Java
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA").whereGreaterThan("population", 100000);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .whereGreaterThan("population", 100000)DocSnippets.kt

Java

Query invalidRangeQuery = cities.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .whereGreaterThan("population", 100000);QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.where(
    u'state', u'>=', u'CA').where(u'population', u'>=', 1000000)snippets.py

Node.js

citiesRef.where('state', '>=', 'CA').where('population', '>', 1000000);index.js

Go

query := cities.Where("state", ">=", "CA").Where("population", ">", 1000000)query.go

PHP

$invalidRangeQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('state', '>=', 'CA')
    ->where('population', '>', 1000000);invalid_range_query.php

C#

Query invalidRangeQuery = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("State", "CA")
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 1000000);Program.cs

Ruby

invalid_range_query = cities_ref.where("state", ">=", "CA").where("population", ">", 1_000_000)query_data.rb

Query limitations

Cloud Firestore does not support the following types of queries:

Queries with range filters on different fields, as described in the previous section.
Single queries across multiple collections or subcollections. Each query runs against a single collection of documents. For more information about how your data structure affects your queries, see Choose a Data Structure.
Logical OR queries. In this case, you should create a separate query for each OR condition and merge the query results in your app.
Queries with a != clause. In this case, you should split the query into a greater-than query and a less-than query. For example, although the query clause where("age", "!=", "30") is not supported, you can get the same result set by combining two queries, one with the clause where("age", "<", "30") and one with the clause where("age", ">", 30).

Perform simple and compound queries in Cloud Firestore

Example data

Web

Swift

Objective-C

JavaAndroid

KotlinAndroid

Java

Python

Node.js

Go

PHP

C#

Ruby

Simple queries

Web

Swift

Objective-C

JavaAndroid

KotlinAndroid

Java

Python

Node.js

Go

PHP

C#

Ruby

Web

Swift

Objective-C

JavaAndroid

KotlinAndroid

Java

Python

Node.js

Go

PHP

C#

Ruby

Web

Swift

Objective-C

JavaAndroid

KotlinAndroid

Java

Python

Node.js

Go

PHP

C#

Ruby

Array membership

Web

Swift

Objective-C

JavaAndroid

KotlinAndroid

Java

Python

Node.js

Go

PHP

C#

Ruby

Compound queries

Web

Swift

Objective-C

JavaAndroid

KotlinAndroid

Java

Python

Node.js

Go

PHP

C#

Ruby

Web

Swift

Objective-C

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android

Java
Android

Kotlin
Android